Zalai Múzeum 15. Horváth László 60 éves (Zalaegerszeg, 2006)

Száraz Csilla: Késő bronzkori fémleletek Muraszemenye–Aligvári-mező lelőhelyről

Késő bronzkori fémleletek Muraszemenye-Aligvári-mező lelőhelyről 177 Late Bronze Age metal objects from Muraszemenye-Aligvári-mező During three excavation seasons at MuraszemenyeAligvári-mező relatively numerous metal objects were found. Some of the metal objects were recovered from pits, although the majority of them came to light when the excavated surface was scraped flat. The aim of this paper is to introduce the metal objects and through them assess the chronological position of the settlement. Between 1999 and 2001 Judit Kvassay carried out a rescue excavation at Muraszemenye-Aligvárimező. The archaeological site was cross-cut by the future M70 route. 25.700 square metres were rescueexcavated and 931 archaeological features came to light. The archaeological features represent the Neolithic Transdanubian Linear Pottery culture, the Early Bronze Age Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture and the Late Bronze Age Tumulus culture. Celtic, Roman and Árpádian objects also came to light as scattered finds. The Neolithic and Bronze Age sett-lement was situated by the former Adorjáni stream (KVASSAY 2003, 194). Within the excavated area altogether 330 features can be dated to the Late Bronze Age, more precisely to the period of the Tumulus culture. I would like to thank Judit Kvassay for giving me access to the excavated material. The majority of the metal objects, 15 pieces, are bronzé needles. There are two openended bronze rings, one bronze winged axe, one bronze awl, a fragment of a bronze dagger blade, fragments of a bronze spiral, three melted bronze fragments and one small fragment of a gold wire (Figs. 3-6). The features of the settlement (houses, pits, fire places) and the ceramic finds (Figs. 7-9) are assigned to the Tumulus culture. In order to assess the chronological position of the settlement more precisely, this paper concentrates primarily on the ceramic objects from the features that also contained bronze objects. The finds were dated by assessing analogous objects, both through time and over a wide geographical area. The best analogies in terms of the characteristics of the finds were found at the sites of Rabelcja vas and Oloris in Slovenia. The bronze objects at MuraszemenyeAligvári-mező have analogies in both of these sites. The main vessel types in terms of shape also seem to be similar to the ones at these sites. The ceramic material from Muraszemenye-Aligvári-mező shows similarities to the ceramic assemblage in Oloris in terms of shape, decoration and technological characteristics (DULAR-SAVEL-TECCO HVALA 2002). At Muraszemenye-Aligvári-mező, not only are the vessel shapes and decorations similar to the ones in Oloris but also the firing techniques and colour hues of the vessels. Examining the ceramic material visually at the archaeological exhibition, entitled Oloris, in Lendva (Lendava) it is assessed that light-brown or reddish-brown, fire clouded and sand-tempered vessels often with an uneven surface are also common to the sites. According to the analogies of the bronze objects of Muraszemenye-Aligvári-mező and using the chronological characterisation of Janez Dular for Oloris and Rabelcja vas (DULAR-SAVEL-TECCO HVALA 2002) the settlement and finds of Muraszemenye can be dated to the last, youngest ВС phase of the Tumulus culture, and, according to some of the finds, to the BD-HA1 period. This dating is also supported by analogies from Balatonmagyaród, which dated to the BC-BC2 period of the Tumulus culture by László Horváth. A bowl type that appears at Muraszemenye, that is also a characteristic type of the graves of the Bakony group, suggests that the settlement at Muraszemenye may have existed until the Early Urnfield period. As a consequence it is assumed that at Muraszemenye a Tumulus community survived into the Urnfield period in the examined region. This is indicated by the strong Tumulus characteristics of the material culture at Muraszemenye. At the time of the settlement, however, in the north-east a population appears that shows characteristics of the Urnfield culture. Further excavations and analysis would shed further light on the BD-HA1 period of west Transdanubia. Translated by Attila Kreiter