Zalai Múzeum 13. Németh József 70 éves (Zalaegerszeg, 2004)

P. Barna Judit: Adatok a késő neolitikus viselet megismeréséhez a lengyeli kultúra újabb leletei alapján

40 P. Barna Judit Some data to Late Neolithic costume according to new finds of the Lengyel culture During the M7 motorway excavations many important Neolithic settlements were revealed in Zala county (Fig. 1:1). Two of these settlements represent the material remains of the Lengyel culture. Sormás Török - földek (M 79) is situated on the southern side of a N-S oriented natural elevation. This elevation is bordered by the Mántai stream from the east. The eastern side of the stream is bordered by the archaeological site of Mánati-dülő (M 710) (Fig. 1: 2). During the excavations in 2002 and 2003 at Sormás Török - földek an area of almost 28 000 m

2 was investigated. Some finds suggest that the settlement was inhabited in the Early Neolithic (Starcevo culture) and during the Transdanubian Linear Pottery Culture (TLPC). At Sormás - Török - földek 460 archaeological features were excavated the majority of which belong to the early phase of the Lengyel culture (Sé phase). The antecedent Sopot culture phase of the settlement also bears considerable importance. The material culture of the Middle Copper Age BalatonLasinja, Furchenstich and the Late Bronze Age Tumulus cultures can also be found on the settlement. Two Late Neolithic circular ditch systems bear exceptional importance. The excavated material is being processed and the relative dating of the archaeological features and the ditch system is yet to be determined. The smaller one is situated east from the bigger one and the smaller ditch system exhibits two circular ditches run parallel to each other. According to previous researches the material culture of the site represents the earliest phase of the Lengyel culture (Sé - Luzianky - Unterpullendorf horizon) and shows considerable similarity with the material culture of Sé - Malomi - dűlő in terms of vessel shape and decoration (painting, incision). In the case of paintings the variety of motives and the number of colours used are smaller than at Sé. Red and yellow colours are characteristic either alone or in combination with each other. White, pink, brown and black although present they are not characteristic for this settlement. The excavated area at Sormás - Mántai - dűlő was 25 000 m

2 and 554 archaeological features were found. From these 450 belong to the Neolithic. The majority of the features exhibit finds from the TLPC period and approximately 100 features represent the Late Neolithic period. The majority of the Late Neolithic features belong to the Sopot culture. Although the Earliest phase of the Lengyel culture is present it is not characteristic for this settlement. Many of the excavated features at this site are postholes. The spatial distribution of the postholes (positioned in lines forming rectangles) suggest that they belong to houses. The majority of the building structures represent the TLPC period although at least two structures belong to the Sopot period. The most prominent feature of the settlement is the circular ditch system. It needs to be mentioned that the gate structure (earthen bridge) of the ditch system was also found within the excavated area. Opposed to the previous ditch system where two ditches run parallel to each other, in this case only one 'V profiled ditch surrounds the settlement. The features of the settlement do not complement the area enclosed by the ditch system. Thus archaeological features belong to the same period can be found both inside and outside of the enclosed area. This implies that the ditch system was used for a shorter period than the actual life span of the settlement. The figurative representations from Sormás Török- földek are especially rich, although Mántaidűlő also exhibits considerable number of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines and altars. This paper considers human figurines of the Lengyel culture that exhibit recognisable costume. Eighteen finds are considered (No 1-18) from Sormás Török - földek (Figs. 2-11; 12: 1-2; 13: 1-2) and one (No 19) from Mántai-dűlő (Figs. 12: 3; 13: 3). The proportion of the number of figurines between the two sites well represents the different extent of existence of the Lengyel culture on the two settlements. Thus on Sormás - Török - földek the presence of the Lengyel culture was more intensive than on Mántai-dűlő. It is considered that these diverse and meticulously decorated figurines are ideal media for analysis. On the majority of the discussed figurines the clothing is well recognisable. Items of costume such as shirt, tunic, dress or skirt, apron, jewellery (necklace, pendant) can often be recognised. Moreover, body painting, tattooing, and typical hairstyle - with parting on the top of the head - are also common features on figurines. Similar self-adornments and dress items are well discussed by researchers. The discussed data enriched our knowledge on the subject with two elements: 1. Model of high boots.