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THIELE 2012 = THIELE, Á.: Smelting experiments in the early medieval fajszi-type bloomery and the metallurgy of iron bloom. Periodica Politechnica—Mech. Eng. 54:(2), 99-104. THIELE et al. 2013 = THIELE, A. - TÖRÖK, В. - KÖLTŐ, L.: Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS) on slag samples from medieval bloomery workshops—the role of phosphorus in the archaeometallurgy of iron in Somogy County, Hungary Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium for Archaeometry, Leuven (2012) (megjelenés alatt) TÖRÖK - THIELE = TÖRÖK, В. - THIELE, Á.: Smelting bog iron ores under laboratorial conditions - the role of phosphorus in the archaeometallurgy of iron in Somogy county.— OP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. (megjelenés alatt) TYLECOTE - GILMOUR 1986 = TYLECOTE, R. F. - GILMOUR, B. J. J.: The Metallography of Early Ferrous Edge Tools and Edged Weapons, BAR British Series 155, Oxford: B.A.R., 146-262, 251-252. VEGA et al. 2003 = VEGA, E. - DILLMANN, P.- LHERITIER, M. - FLUZIN, P - CREW, P.- BENOIT, E: Forging of phosphoric iron. An analytical and experimental approach. In: Archaeometallurgy in Europe, vol. II, Milan, 337-346. WEISS 2004 = WEISS, A. M.: Food in Medieval Times. Greenwood Press, London, 28. WILLIAMS 2012 = WILLIAMS, A.: The Sword and the Crucible. A History of the Metallurgy of European Swords up to the 16th Century, History of Warfare 77, London: Brill. WILLIAMS 1977 = WILLIAMS, A.: Methods of Manufacture of Swords in Medieval Europe Illustrated by the Metallography of some Examples, Gladius 13, 75-101. ZÁKOVSKY et al. = ZÁKOVSKY, P. - HŐSEK, J.- BÁRTA, E: Dussacks with broad blades and the probable method of their manufacturing. In: Marek, L. (ed.), Weapons Bring Peace? Warfare in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis: Studia archeologiczne, Wroclaw (megjelenés alatt 1). ZÁKOVSKY et al. = ZÁKOVSKY, P. - HŐSEK, J. - SEDLÁCKOVÁ, L.: Месе 11.-13. stolen z üzemi Moravy. Archaeologia historica 38. (megjelenés alatt 2). The role of pattern welding (damasking) in early medieval sword blades Pattern welding has been undergoing a new renaissance for the recent decades. Drifting away from historical authenticity, this method is mostly used for making knives and swords today. The process itself is publicly known as “damasking”, and the blades made using this method, are called “damasked”, “Damascus steel”, “damask” or “damast” in Hungary. The technology of pattern welding developed from the making of layered composites that began in the Celtic times. In this process, soft iron and steel plates were brought in firmly bonded connection by forge-welding. However, when making sword and knife blades by forge-welding between the 2nd and the 10th centuries, the combination of phosphoric iron + soft iron or phosphoric iron + steel was used. Today, it is a widespread opinion in the public and among experts in archaeometallurgy that these sword blades made by forge-welding, apart from their pleasing appearance, had excellent mechanical characteristics as well. The purpose of our research presented in this paper was to give an answer to the question: Did pattern welding used in making early middle age sword blades play a role in improving mechanical parameters or only in creating a beautiful surface pattern? We prepared raw iron clumps consisting of soft iron, steel and phosphoric iron material, and forged samples by pattern welding using various combinations of them. To clarify the role of pattern welding in the improvement of mechanical properties, we performed mechanical tests (Charpy impact test, three-point flexural test and tensile test). In this manner we could determine the material characteristics that may be in connection with the resistance of sword blades to stress in the course of fight. To clarify the decorative role of pattern welding, we carried out 184
