S. Perémi Ágota (szerk.): A Laczkó Dezső Múzeum Közleményei 28. (Veszprém, 2014)
Ilon Gábor: „Preszkíta” lovas temetkezések Bakonyszentkirály határából
The Maltese cross/sun symbol shaped bronze mountings and the star/sun motif speak of a belligerent ruling class; the latter motif was part of the symbols used by the Assyrian and Urartian elite in the 8th to 7th centuries. Having taken place in the 8th century, the Urartian influence can be identified not only in South Ossetia but also in Greece and Etruria. Therefore, this symbol alludes to the fact that no common man was buried into the two disturbed, originally stone structured barrows. In other words, we can extrapolate a classed society, in which a wealthy group might have been buried separately into barrows in this case. The assemblage suitably matches and adds to that found northwest of Lake Balaton and dated to the 8th century (Celldömölk—Nagyság treasure, the stray antler horse trapping on Szt. Vid Hill of Velem, data referring to the neighborhood of Keszthely and Somló, and two horse bits of Veszprém County). The assemblage of Bakonyszentkirály is very important in view of the migration of the ‘Pre- Scythian people in the region, because it represents the very first genuine data of the Bakony region that can be documented. Concurrendy, it verifies, adds to and tones Tibor Kemenczei’s previous statement which asseverates that northeastern, southern and northwestern Transdanubia developed dissimilarly, as a consequence of effects of divergent origins and roots. His aforementioned statement might be true, even if two analogies to the Maltese cross shaped mounting with arched terminals (Fig. 2,3) discovered in the southern barrow were found only in Bosnia- Herzegovina and Croatia according to our current knowledge. In agreement with Tibor Kemenczei’s most recent monographic data processing (2005), this assemblage ought to be categorized into the ‘Eastern Carpathian regional’ (‘ostkarpatenländischen Typs’) design cluster and dated to the very beginning of the Ha Cl period around the middle of the 8th century (earlier than barrows No. 1 and 15 excavated on Pécs—Jakabhegy but later than the artifacts of barrow V. unearthed in Vaszar). Today, we know of a total of 1373 barrows found on 60 salvage sites in the Bakony Mountains. All of those excavated were dated by relevant research to the Late Bronze Age and the Late Tumulus - Early Urnfield Period (Bz D - Ha A). Nonetheless, the chronological status of the barrows in Bakonyszentkirály constrains the researchers to deal with the vague and general categorization of the barrows of the Bakony into the Late Tumulus - Early Urnfield Period and the extrapolations generated from it carefully in the future. Concurrently, in knowledge of the assemblage and topographical location published by Gyula No- váki, the fortified settlement of Zörög-hegy II. can be expounded as a micro-regional hub, a so-called chiefdom/chieftain’s place (Heerensitz/Heerenhof) which must have been controlled by those buried in the nearby barrows. 87
