S. Perémi Ágota (szerk.): A Laczkó Dezső Múzeum Közleményei 28. (Veszprém, 2014)
Szvath Márton: Késő középkori és kora újkori fémleletek a nagyvázsonyi várból. 1.
MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN METAL TROVES FOUND AT THE CASTLE OF NAGYVÁZSONY I. Knives, cutlery and kitchen tools This study is the first part of a planned archeological presentation of materials. The research over the castle of nagyvázsony between 1955 and I960, lead by István Éri was one of the Hungarian medieval archeology’s first significant enterprise. Parts of the mass of troves found here, such as the objects pub- licated at the key- and lock historical studies of Ferenc Temesváry, were elaborated after the research, but the general examination and publication of the various groups of objects -except of the stoveceram- ics-has never happened. The aim of this article is to countervail the gap by publishing the results of the evaluation of the metal findings, which were elaborated as a dissertation theme. The castle, built by the Vezsenyi family, was first mentioned in 1469 as castri Wasonkew’.The date of construction is under discussion, but probably it was built in the first half of the 15th century. The castle, the nearby monastery and the parish church, which has been rebuilt in 1481, looked like a tipical medieval baronial residency at the end of the 15th century. This became a border castle after the Turkish capture of the castle of Székesfehérvár in 1543. After the defeat of Veszprém in 1552, the destruction of this castle was suggested, as it was difficult to defend, but it never happened. During the Turkish era Nagyvázsony was a badly equipped, neglected and not too significant praesidium of the Transdan- ubia, it was a part of the Veszprém—Pápa-Palota— Csesznek-Ugod-Döbrönte—Devecser line. It was partly strengthened and rebuilt in the 16th and 17th centuries. After the clearing of Vienna in 1683, the castle, as a border castle lost its significance. In the 18th century the baronial residence moved out of the castle, leaving behind just a jail and a distiller. After the firestorm os 1857 valets moved into the castle. The 6 year long archeological research resulted in a huge amount of findings, the significant part of which is from the modern era and even from our days.The dissertation sorts the late medieval-early modern matel troves into thematic main- and subgroups, giving a comparative sample for the professional public. The documentation of the research was incomplete, thus the examination was based on the analogy of the materials by collecting and estimating the parameters of the various types of objects. During evaluation the following things were considered: function, way of fabrication and usage, local industry and trade, workshops, the previous statements of technical literature were completed and sometimes reconsidered. The first section is about knives, cutlery and kitchen tools, this group of objects cover the period from the second half of the 15th century till the beginning of the 18th century. The group of knives can be divided into two major subgroups. These are the remains of the knives made by the knife masters of steyr, appearing in Hungary from the middle of the 15th century as imports, and the pieces of knives and cutleries made by Hutterite craftsmen, first coming up in Hungary at the beginning of the 17th century. These tools were very widespread in that era, thus the dissertation presents even the objectsregarded as copies and fakes. Besides the kitchen tools, prods, filterspoons, even some remains ofTurkish-like pots made by Balkan brasiers and a Turkish weight are to be introduced. 368
