S. Perémi Ágota (szerk.): A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 27. (Veszprém, 2012)

SCHLEICHER Vera: Kéjpart, lidósítás és velencei est a Magyar Tengeren. Minták és hatások a balatoni fürdűkultúra fejlődésében

TÓTH-BENCZE 2006 = TÓTH-BENCZE T.: A balatoni Madonna-szobor története. (Legenda és valóság). Füredi História VI. 3. (2006) 19-20. TÓTH-SÁGI 1941 = TÓTH L.-SÁGI E. M. (szerk.) Balatoni könyv és balatoni címtár. Budapest, 1941 VAJKAI 1957 = VAJKAI A.: A balatoni fürdőélet hőskora. Képes Magyarország 1957. 5. 8. VÁMOSSY 1921 = VÁMOSSY Z.: A Balaton mint gyógyhely. In.: Balatoni évkönyv. Szerk.: WLASSICS T. Budapest 1921. 130-135. VARGA 2008 = VARGA B.: A Somos története. Szántódi Hírlevél 2008. június 19. ZÁKONYI 1988 = ZÁKONYI F.: Balatonfüred. Adalékok Balatonfüred történetéhez a kezdetektől 1945-ig. Veszprém, 1988. QUAI, VENICE-EVENING AND LIDO-PROJECT ON THE „HUNGARIAN SEA" Patterns of the bath-culture of Lake Balaton This paper is a further station of the ethnographic and anthopological research of the direct surroundings of Lake Balaton.focusing on the social and cultural interactions between residenters, summer-house-owners and tourists. The purpose of this paper is to examine which foreign holiday resorts, spas and practises served as model for the bathing culture of Lake Balaton in its early period (from the end of the 18'

1' century up to the middle of the 20

I

h century) For remaking the nature and reorganizing the traditional surrounding of Lake Balaton the founders and developers of the watering-places followed the example of some European spas and seaside places which were often visited by the Hungarian aristocracy, noblemen and afterwards the middle classes. These were above all the wellknown Austrian and Bohemian spas, like Franzesbad, Marienbad, Karlsbad, Baden, Grafenberg, Gleichenberg. The typical central European spa infrastructure and services (for example the spa-doctor, the different cures, the separated pools for men and women, the esplanade, the landscapegarden, the bandstand, the theatre etc) were required to the fashionable resorts like Balatonfüred, Balatonalmádi, Siófok, Balatonföldvár up to the second world war. In this context the Balaton itself served as a scenery or one of the cure availabilities. On the other hand, the smaller resorts focused on the new opportonuity of the libertinel holiday assured by the natural water and shore. This style of holiday: swimming, yacthing, sporting and all its accessories (for example bathing machines, special bathing costumes, cure saloon with open terrace, sandy shore etc.) had also foreign patterns, mainly the special shore culture of Ostende, the French Riviere, Abbazia and Venice. However these popular European resorts were only intermediate centres toward Lake Balaton. Both types of bathing culture had namely a common prefiguration. This was the special english spa and seaside culture in the 17-18" century refering health alike amusement and social life. 164