A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 22. (Veszprém, 2002)
Regenye Judit: A sopot kultúra kronológiai helyzete Magyarországon
oblique lines from Baláca pit 9. are known 43 . In Baláca we have another sporadic find like the latter one 44 (Fig. 5.6.). The exact chronological position of this ornament type analysed W. Schier lately; it was not used in Vinca before the С period 45 . If the available l4 C data are considered, we can see that the few data of the Sopot culture and the earliest data of the Lengyel culture fall on the same time period, and that is Vinca C 46 . S. Dimitrijevic and Z. Markovié date Brezovljani as Vinca C 47 . This is confirmed by a find from Gornji Brezovljani 48 , showing relationship with the anthropomorphic vessels of Svodin 49 and Aszód 50 . On the basis of the listed data, we have to consider the end of the Transdanubian Sopot culture and the starting of the Lengyel culture contemporaneous. We must note, that talking about the earliest horizon of the Lengyel culture, we do not think about the phase characterised by the incision, which was considered the earliest period of the culture for a long time (Nitriansky Hrádok [Kisvárad], Bucany [Bucsány], Aszód). In Austria and Slovakia an even more early horizon of finds was outlined , that was called in Austria formative phase 5 '. Unterwölbling 52 and Friebritz 53 belong to this group and Unterpullendorf 4 . In Slovakia it is called I a phase of the Lengyel culture on the basis of Svodin's (Szőgyén) earliest building horizon 55 . Other Slovakian sites from this time are: Bratislava (Pozsony)-Záhorská Bystrica 56 , Budmerice 57 . In Hungary in connection with Aszód the possibility of the very early dating has arisen as well 58 . The Sopot culture distributed in Hungary south to the Zalaegerszeg-Bína (Bény) line (Fig. 1.). To the north is situated Sé, the Austrian sites (Unterpullendorf, Unterwölbling, Friebritz) and in Slovakia the Luzianky group and the earliest Lengyel culture sites (Svodin, Btatislava, Budmerice). In the chronological system of J. Pavuk 59 , there is a chronological difference between the Sopot culture and the Luzianky group. Kalicz N, raised the contemporaneousness of the younger phase of the Sopot culture and the Luzianky group for the first time. Moreover, at the same place, he puts the question that the Luzianky elements in Lengyel I are results of the contemporaneousness or the descent 60 . S. Dimitrijevic considers Sopot II the same age as Luzianky as well 61 . On the basis of the late Sopot material of Ajka, it can be seen that there are a lot of common features between the younger phase of the Sopot culture and the Luzianky group, confirming their contemporaneousness. Two more sites of the Protolengyel-horizon became known recently, Zalaszentbalázs-Pusztatető 62 and Esztergályhorváti 63 , and N. Kalicz mentions an early Lengyel site with Sé-type material, it is Letenye 64 . Some common forms show their contemporaneousness with Ajka, e.g. dishes with open mouth 65 , dish with inverted rim 66 , pedestal 67 , pot with cylindrical neck 68 . A reconstructed vessel of Luzianky-type in Zalaszentbalázs 69 is very important from chronological point of view, it is the same form like the one from Baláca (Fig. 5.1.) 70 . A dish with S profile 7 ' and the fragment of an amphora 72 in Esztergályhorváti are of the yellow ceramics typical for the late Sopot phase in Baláca and Ajka. The dish has its close parallel in one of the latest finds in Baláca 73 (Fig. 5.7.), the red-yellow painting is typical for the latest phase of the Sopot culture on its northern border as well. A line of painting dots like the one on the pedestal 74 came to light in Baláca as inner decoration. 75 Only the small flask 76 is a strange form in the Sopot culture. Accordingly we can say that these sites (Zalaszentbalázs, Esztergályhorváti) can be late Sopot assemblages. The cultural classification of an assemblage is not easy, that is the reason why the concept of Pre- and Protolengyel-horizon was introduced 77 . In consequence of the geographical location of the two sites mentioned above - within the borders of the Transdanubian Sopot culture -1 suggest to include them into the Sopot culture, into the latest phase of it; however we can not preclude the possibility of the expansion of the Sé-type directed to south by the end of the Sopot culture. But the fact that the remains of the earliest Lengyel culture are missing on that place contradicts this. 78 The actually known find material doesn't allow to draw a more clear picture. Recently excavated Sopot culture sites on South Transdanubia will give answer to these questions. In the territory of Slovakia the Luzianky group played definite role in the formation of the Lengyel culture. In this subject the researchers agree in general, the question of the differences between the Protolengyel-horizon and the Lengyel culture still arises repeatedly 79 . South to the Zalaegerszeg-Bény line, in the territory of the Sopot culture, the gradual evolution towards the Lengyel culture can not be demonstrated, moreover there is a definite sign of the fact, that the younger phase of the Sopot culture lived in the neighbourhood of the formative phase of the Lengyel culture. Examining the position of the Lengyel culture's sites, it is remarkable that the settlements of the early phase can be found both in the northeastern and southeastern part of Transdanubia (Aszód 80 , Zengővárkony 81 , Mórágy 82 ). On the other hand these primary centres are missing in the middle and southwestern stripe of Transdanubia. So the distribution territories of the earliest Lengyel culture and the Hungarian Sopot culture of Brezovljani type complete eachother. 33
