A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 22. (Veszprém, 2002)

S. Lackovits Emőke: „Ó, áldandó Szentháromság ...” Szentháromság tisztelete és ábrázolásai a Bakonyi és a Balaton-felvidéki vallásos népéletben

8Í SZACSVAY 1996. 29-30. 23-28. ábrák. 84 SZILÁRDFY II. 1997. 151. kép. 8Í SZACSVAY 1996. 64., 224. és 225. ábrák. 86 BÁLINTI. 1977.398-400. 87 POLETTI 1995. 34., 92.; ZUFFI-CASTIA 1997. 96., 118., 123., 130.; CERIONI-SIGNORE 1991. 48.; SANTINI-VALIGI 1993. 140.; JANNELLA 1997. 15. 88 SANTINI-VALIGI 1993. 140.; JANNELLA 1997. 15. 89 ZUFFI-CASTIA 1997. 280.;GASETTI 1999. 54. С AN ALI 1997. 74-75.; MARSILLI 1997. 37.; SZILÁRDFY I. 1995. 624. ábra. 1,0 DIVALD 1999. 130., 149., 173., 250., 255., 263., 278., 296., 328., 356., 372., 390. 91 PETRIC I. 1994. 21., 69., 143., 151., 153.; II. 1995. 73.; The roots of the veneration of the Holy Trinity in Europe reach back to the 6th century. From the 10th century a separate festival is known: Trinity Sunday is the Sunday following Pentecost. Although this festival was held in many places, it only became general for the whole Church from the 16th century. In Hungary, the celebration of this feast was ordered by King Coloman Beauclerc (Könyves Kálmán). The real development of the Trinity cult, however, is linked with the Baroque. Under the episcopacy of Márton Bíró Padányi, in the Roman Catholic diocese of Veszprém a widespread Trinity cult was promoted at his instigation in the 18th century, which this ecclesiarch, who played a significant role in the restoration of Catholicism, utilised in his conversion activities. Of the 311 churches and chapels dedicated to the Holy Trinity in the territory of historic Hungary, 35 are to be found in the diocese of Veszprém alone. The Christian doctrine of the Holy Trinity is based on the Gospel of Matthew chapter 28 verse 19. The portrayals are rooted in the visit of the three angels to Abraham in the Old Testament, and the baptism of Christ in the New. Besides realistic depictions, there is also a large number of symbolic representations (radiant sun, three fishes, three rabbits, three fingers, three concentric circles, triangle, etc.), as well as those in which the Trinity is present in a diffuse or hidden manner. In eastern art the Old Testament root became the pattern, which also appeared scattered throughout the Hungarian language territory (Lőcse, Kapolcs, Csíkszentdomokos, Podolin). Psalm 100 verse 1 later became the basis for a type of representation, which preserved its popularity and widespread distribution until the 20th century. This was also frequently used in open air sacral monuments (Holy Trinity enthroned). The whole of European art bears witness to the fact that the events and stages of Jesus' life, the life of the Virgin Mary, the "holy brotherhood", and the glorification of the saints all provided further possibilities for the representation of the Holy Trinity. A large amount of evidential data is known III. 1996. 25., 89.; IV 1997. 37., 69., 73. SZACSVAY 1996. 61-62. 209-213. ábrák. ZADNIKAR 1991. 47., 272-273. SCHEMANN 1991. 95., 98. LENGYEL 1989/90. 588-589., 621-624., 629. HAIMANN 1995/1. 19-21. SZILÁRDFY 1981. 114. SZILÁRDFY 1981. 114-115., 131. LENGYEL 1987. 538. SZILÁRDFY 1981. 128. KONCZ 2001. 97-99. KONCZ Pál főrestaurátor szíves szóbeli közlése, amit ezúttal is köszönök. KONCZ 2001. 101.; HORVÁTH 1986. 71., 82. from Italy, the German language territory, Slovenia, Spain, and in addition, from the whole of the Hungarian language territory. There is hardly a church built in the 18th century, in which some concept of the Holy Trinity is not present in one of the altar paintings or frescoes. The widespread veneration of the Holy Spirit is connected with the birth of the Trinity Associations in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Veszprém. The prototype for these were the Associations founded by the Trinitarius order of Spanish origin, the members of which wore a scapulary. The rules and devotional practices of the Hungarian Trinity Associations were written by Bishop Márton Bíró Padányi himself. Part of the practice was the Angelic Reader "Saintly", which survived until 1948 in the communities of the diocese. With the establishment of the Trinity Associations, at one time Bishop Bíró also ordered the production of portable Trinity statues for the parishes, in fact, if necessary he himself contributed to the costs of these. The sculptor Ferenc Schmidt from Moravia had his craftsmen produce 62 statues in his Veszprém workshop. 13 of these can be found today in the Archiépiscopal Collection Queen Gizella Museum of Ecclesiastical Art. These are striking examples of painted masterpieces made from softwood and Baroque representations. They immortalise the Holy Trinity enthroned. On Trinity Sunday and new moon Sundays in the 18th century, these statues were set up in a specified order, and were carried on the shoulders in large-scale processions round both towns and villages. Depictions of the Holy Trinity found in the peasant culture of the Bakony and the Balaton Uplands are preserved in the Ethnographic Collection of the Veszprém „Laczkó Dezső" Museum. These pieces originate from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and bear witness to the veneration of the Trinity in the faith life of the village communities. In reality these are not artistic masterpieces, nor are they varied. However, famous works of outstanding VENERATION AND DEPICTION OF THE HOLY TRINITY IN THE POPULAR RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE BAKONY AND THE BALATON UPLANDS 171