A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 12. (Veszprém, 1973)

Tóth László: A Bakony hegység futóbogár-alkatú faunájának alapvetése (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae et Carabidae)

Mts. Its northernmost point of distribution is in the Bakony Mts. On the basis of the above data, the author concluded that 1. The Bakony Mts. are part of the Hungarian Central Mts. even from zoogeographical viewpoint. 2. In spite of their central montainous character the species include comparatively large number of alpine and subalpine elements. 3. The species characterising this area indicate that within the bounds of the Central Mts. the influence of the Alps is the greatest in the formation of the fauna. 4. The south-facing areas with their special geographical and climatic conditions may harbour many species of Mediterranean character. 5. On the basis of the above points, the author feels it justified that the Bakony Mts. should be separated as an independent zoogeographical part region, in spite of the lack of endemic species. 6. Within Bakonyicum, subscribing to PAPP's (1968) establishment, the author differentiates five small faunal areas, these are as follows: a) Balaton upland b) South Bakony Mts. c) North Bakony Mts. d) Keszthely Mts. e) East Bakony Mts. The author gives the borders of the small faunal areas together with their brief natural

—geographical description, the percentual distribution of the area types of the species occurring is also given with the most important plant associations are discussed with their special ground-beetle fauna. The distribution of the species in the Bakony Mts. together with most characteristic biotopes is shown in figures. Finally, the author discusses his own views on the development of the Carabidae fauna of the Bakony Mts. Up to now no fossil Coleoptera specimen has come forward from the region of the Bakony Mts. To start with he states that during glaciation the ice had not reached the Carpathian Basin, accordingly, it must be treated as extra-glacial area. He does not exclude the possibility that certain eurytropic species prevailed in the preglacial steppe era when most species came from the Pontian and Pontomediterranean regions, and these found shelter in the Balaton upland, Keszthely Mts. or on the south-facing slopes of the East Bakony Mts. where the microclimatic conditions at least support the „pejus". As an example Acinopus (Osimus) ammophilus is mentioned which is Pontian in distribution, whose area reaches its north-northwesternmost border, CSIKI (1946) refers to it as a relic species. In connexion with several other species he stages the possibility of survival, but gives no definite answer what exactly happened in the interglacials, whether there was a re-or immigration. He believes that in the glacials the fauna composition must have suffered great changes. He mentions here that from the colder Galicia many fossil Coleoptera are known which correlate with recent species. In the Bakony Mts. the polytypic stenotropic species either died out or migrated to southern regions. The mesotypic stenotropic species some may have survived when they found a more sheltered refuge. From the Alps and from the Carpathians a great-scale migration must have taken place to reach the Bakony Mts. This might have been the time when montane, subalpine, alpine or eastalpine species got settled here, whose less vagrant forms stayed over in the postglacial and may be found even today in some colder recesses: Carabus problematicus problematicus HBST., Carabus glabratus glabratus PAYK., Cychrus caraboides var. rostratus L., Bembidion doderoi GGLB., Bembidion schüppeli DEJ., Pterostichus fasciatopunctatus CREUTZ. etc. He espacially stresses that the interglacials are the least investigated in this respect. It is probable that opposite migrations took place then to glacials, but the radii, species spectra of those times cannot be clearly shown with the data available today. The direction of the glacial migration was reversed in the postglacials, the psychrophilous species moved more toward the north, the thermophilous species proceeded from the south to Hungary. The present fauna composition has been established at about this time. Today only small, insignificant, local movements can be observed, which influenced but to no extent the i'aunal picture of the Caraboidea. Introduction occurred only in the case of Plochionus pallens F. There is still an open question of the damage caused by technical civilization: thus air pollution of chemical factories, power lampes, the application of plant protective chemicals, etc. The effect of all these factors has yet been unsurveyed in the region of the Bakony Mts, which the auhtor believes would be a profitable task. László Tóth 351