A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 7. (Veszprém, 1968)

Wallner Ernő: Alsóörs településtérképe

dem Verfall übergeben sind, ist kaum irgend welche Änderung eingetreten. Die Produktionsgenossenschaft ist bloss eine Betriebseinheit einer P. G. die sich auf drei Dörfer erstreckt. Im Jahre 1965 war die Anzahl ihrer Mitglieder 84 deren Hälfte über 60 Jahre alt waren. Im Jahre 1960 betrug die Agrarbevölkerung von Alsóörs bloss 32,3% der Gesamtbevölkerung. Als Verdienstquelle hat sich die Industrie an die Landwirtschaft herangerückt, In jedem Beschäftigunskreis ist die Anzahl de** Verdiener höher als die der Versorgten. Die Mehrheit der nichtlandwirtschaftlichen Verdiener sind gezwungen fern vom Wohnplatz zu arbeiten un 1 sie pendeln täglich hin und zurück. Ein Teil der Pendler ist in geistigem, administrativem Arbeitskreis beschäftigt. Auch die Bevölkerung des Dorfes hat sich des Pendeins bedient. Alsóőrs dient hauptsächlich als ein Wohnplatz für die an entfernten Stellen Werktätigen. Die ständige Bevölkerung wird von der Landwirtschaft und vom Pendeln mehr in Anspruch genommen Alsóörs on the shore of Lake Balaton is one of the ancient villages of County Zala which have preserved many an original feature. The village is situated at an altitude of 60—70 m (172 m above sea level) above the Balaton level. The village district consists of plough-land in the southern parts, of wineyards on the loess slopes, and mainly of woodlands in the northern parts. The village was populated already in the 15th century and in 1426 it had its own parish. During the Turkish occupation it was transiently laid waste. Its population at the beginning of the 18th century could be 80 families (350—400) whose great part belonged to the lower nobility. In the 1781 land register only 17 serf and 19 cotter families are entered. By the ent of the 18th century the settlement picture of the village was complete and it has been preserved without considerable changes. Alsóőrs has been in want of an outspoken village core. It cannot simply be listed in the groops of roadside or cluster villages. Its parallel streets are situated on four terrace levels which had been made by man at different altitudes. The building sites of noblemen have been crowded one beside the other. The considerably larger building sites of serfs were lying in the outskirts of the village. To each house belonged a small piece of vegetable land along the brook, in the north-western part of the village. All the old houses were made of red stone. Quarrying has been an ancestral trade in the village. One third of the entire plough-land (approx. 450—500 acres) was land held in villeinage, two thirds of it was tilled by members of the lower nobility. The domestic animals were pastured in clearings. als vom saisonmässigen Badekult. In der Sommersaison des Jahres 1965 war die Anzahl der Badegäste 5700, deren Hälfte in der Erholungsheimen untergebracht wurde. Durch Uferauffüllung wurden Strandbad und Camping erweitert. Für die ständige Beschäftigten kamen als Dienstquelle die Erholungsheime und Camping nur wenig in Betracht. Zur Sommerfrische bezogen ganze Familie ihre im Winter leer stehenden Wohnungen. Auch die ständigen Mieter haben Sommergäste aufgenommen. Das Aufrechterhalten, sogar die Erweiterung dieses Brauchs in der Zukunft ist wünschenswert. Der Badeort hat im allgemeinen ein zivilisierteres Aussehen, das durch die Einschaltung der öffentlichen Versorgungsbetriebe (Strassenbeleuchtung, Wasserleitung) auch auf das Dorf auswirkte. Das uralte Dorf — verlustig seiner ausschliesslichen landwirtschaftlichen Charakters — sieht in seinem funktionellen und morphologischen Charakter neuen Änderungen entgegen. Ernő Wallner Ancient wine-growing is mentioned in 11th century documents. By the fact that the wine-growing area in the 18th century amounted almost to the total area of the plough- and meadow-land is evidenced the first ranking among the agricultural functions of this branch of cultivation demanding so much work This is witnessed by the records taken up by the wine-growing community bteween 1754 and 1889. Both the wineyards of noblemen and those belonging to the Veszprém Chapter had been under the jurisdiction of the wine-growing community. Already at this time there were many cellars in the wineyards. During the 19th century the population of the village experienced a very slow growth, and due to the vine-decay at the end of the century caused by the philloxera an emigration took place, as a result of which the number of inhabitants in 1900 was lower than in 1784. At the end of the century a railroad was built on the southern shore of Lake Balaton. There had been no latifundia and medium-sized farms in the village, even well-to-do peasants were unfrequent. By the middle of the 19th century most of the feudal class distinctions had disappeared. As regards the various branches of land cultivation the village has a central location. Through the 1844 consolidation of land-strips the plough- and meadow-land areas of noblemen and serfs had been separated. The serfs got their ploughlands assigned in 8—10 places south of the village and the pieces of land belonging to the different families were repeated in the same order of neighbourhood. This kind of division of the ploughland allowed for the three-course rotation for a long time. The lands of noblemen lay north of the village and in part east On Settlement Forms of Alsóörs 87