Életmód és művelődés Veszprém megyében a 16-18. században (Veszprémi Múzeumi Konferenciák 10. 2000)

S. Lackovits Emőke: A török díszítőművészet hatása az egyházi és a paraszti textíliákra Veszprém megyében

It cannot be ignored, however, that the name Turkish sewing does not always refer to the origin, but to the style. Besides the original Turkish embroideries among the Reformed liturgical textiles, a large number of so-called Turkish-style Hungarian embroideries are to be found. The patterns in these contain a rich treasury of Turkish motifs, i.e. those of Turkish origin. Turkish influence is also frequent in the arrangement of the patterns. Such is the positioning of the diagonal, the emphasised corner patterns, the simpler designs in the middle of the edges, or the composition of the geometric central section. In the treasury of patterns, Turkish origin is indicated by flowery branches springing from a single stock and crossing one another with an even number of flowers on them, stems leaning to one side but not touching each other with a large flower on the smaller of them, a flowery branch leaning to one side, a branch leaning in a semi-circular curve with various flowers opening and a single large flower in the bend. Turkish influence is betrayed by a spiral branch, the interior filled out with flowers, with various repeating patterns of flowers on its branches, sickle or toothed leaves, petals with lobed edges, variations on pomegranates, plant elements filled out with other plant elements, as well as sharp, three-pointed leaves, furthermore, the concept of stiffness. The roughness of the basic materials of the peasant embroideries in comparison to the aristocratic versions, the thickness of the sewing thread, the misdrawing of the patterns or the redesign by the producers, and the attempts to fill in the whole surface have totally distanced these compositions from the originals. The Turkish and Turkish-style motifs are scarcely perceptible here; indeed, the Turkish influences are only present in an indirect way. While examining these textile relics however, it must not be ignored that this country, including Transdanubia, was affected by influences not only from the East, but also from the West. At the same time, the links with the Balkans were considerable in these periods. A thorough examination of the Balkan material will most certainly provide solutions to questions, which are as yet unanswered and unanswerable. 96