Regenye Judit: Kő és agyag. Település és életmód a neolitikum-rézkor fordulóján a Dunántúlon (Veszprém, 2011)
Összefoglalás
a continuous activity and the products are present in all kinds of situations. From this approach, vessels can be treated as representatives of people. The typological differences between the vessels reflect the social conditions of the people who produced and used them and the decorative elements of the ornaments display similarities and divergences. These similarities and divergences are not always chronological relationships: the interpretation range is much wider. The basis of the vessel-man equivalence is the above-described supposition, which implies that social contacts can be deduced from the patterns of the material culture (Jones 2002. 105-118). About 24 thousand ceramic shards were analysed in total. They are distributed among the sites in the followings: Ajka-Pál-major: 10362 items from feature no. 4 of 1996 and from feature no. 6 of 1997; Ajka-Szent István Street: 286 shards from a single pit; Szentgál-Füzi-kút: 1860 items from 5 features; Szentgál—Teleki-dűlő: 5686 items from 3 features; Városlőd: 7622 items; Kaposvár-Gyertyános: 9 pits contained each more than one hundred shards, 6056 items in total. The sites in the chart are the following ones: ASZ = Ajka-Szent István Street, K = Kaposvár, SzF = Szentgál-Füzi- kút, T = Szentgál-Teleki-dűlő, AP = Ajka-Pál-major, V = Városlőd. No significant morphological differences can be found in the ceramic materials of the sites (diagram 7). Most of the identified vessel shapes were bowls. Truncated-cone-shaped bowls (Plate 3. 2,4-7, Plate 19) dominate among bowls. The hollow pedestals usually show the same traits in every find material (Plate 5, Plate 20. 1-4). Profiled bowls are present in every material although in smaller numbers (Plate 1. 11, Plate 3. 3, Plate 28. 1-2). A variant of this type has a cylindrical upper part and a truncated cone shaped lower par, which occurred only at Ajka-Pál-majpr site. (Plate 1. 9, Plate 3.1) Biconical small bowls with inverted rims and a sharp carination are represented by a few items at every site (Plate 1.2, Plate 4.1, Plate 20. 8), while its version with a longer upper part and a milder profile was found at Ajka (Plate 1. 4). Inverted rims of bowls with hemispherical and spherical bodies also occur at every site. The frequency of globular bowls with applied rims (Plate 27.1) is characteristic of Szentgál-Teleki-dűlő. It also occurred at Városlőd but there, it had a less significant role (Plate 35.4). Deep bowls or flowerpot-shape bowls sometimes with oval bottoms were rarely found (Plate 34. 6, Plate 19. 1). Low thick-walled bowls with broad handles are known from Ajka (Plate 4. 6). A small bowl with cylindrical walls and a double knob from Ajka is a special bowl type (Plate 2. 7) just like the miniature bowls from Szentgál-Teleki-dűlő (Plate 31. 1). The second most frequent form is represented by pots at every site. Pots have the following variants: pots with everted funnel-shaped necks are common everywhere (Plate 6. 1-2, Plate 24. 1,6). The existence of a sharp carination at the neck is characteristic of the pot fragments found at Városlőd. Pots of cylindrical necks and everted rims are less frequently met (Plate 7. 1), and they have short necks at Teleki-dűlő (Plate 23. 3). Pot shape appears in smaller sizes as well with funnel-shaped necks and sharp lines at the shoulder at Ajka (Plate 7. 2, 5) and with cylindrical necks and profiled shoulders at Szentgál-Teleki-dűlő (Plate 22. 8). The next group is composed of biconical vessels (Plate 6. 6, Plate 27. 6). They are represented by significantly less items than the above two forms. There is no significant difference in the frequency of the rest of the forms. Amphorae occur with funnel-shaped, short or cylindrical necks at every site with a few items (Plate 6. 3, Plate 7. 8, Plate 25. 5-6). Vases form the next group (Plate 6. 4, Plate 25.2, 7), which represent the most frequent shape at Ajka. Cups dominate (Plate 1. 3, Plate 29. 6) among the fine ceramics, their fragments are frequently identified. There are only a few small vases. The low number of cups and the high number of small biconical vessels in the data sheet of Városlőd are probably the results of a subjective grouping. There is a slight difference in the occurrence of three-partite vessels, which can have a chronological significance: there are barely any representatives of the form at Ajka-Pál-major (Plate 8. 1,4) and Városlőd (Plate 43. 5,9,10), while they are among the frequently occurring forms at Szentgál-Teleki-dűlő (Plate 25. 1) and Kaposvár-Gyertyános (Plate 47. 5, Plate 52. 1). It should be mentioned that the percentage ratio of the vessel shapes at Szentgál-Teleki-dűlő and Kaposvár shows a similar picture, which is certainly not accidental. The number of small bowls is negligible. Spoons (Plate 10. 1-7, Plate 21. 1-2), spindle whorls (Plate 9. 1-5, Plate 31. 3-4) and rings are commonly met everywhere, just like sieves (Plate 28. 8) (with a hollow pedestal at Ajka) (Plate 9. 7), while lid knobs were found at Ajka (Plate 9. 6), Szentgál-Teleki-dűlő (Plate 28. 4) and Városlőd (Plate 36. 5). The great similarity of the vessel shapes can be interpreted in a way that despite the chronological differences the find material is uniform showing no break. These shapes span over a long chronological range at the sites, and it seems certain that neither site can be older than Lengyel II. A more exact dating is afforded by the ornaments. It is generally characteristic that the examined ceramics were barely decorated. The proportion of all the ornamented shards did not exceed 22 % (diagram 8). In the case of the two units of lower item numbers, the lower occurrence ratio 87
