Regenye Judit: Kő és agyag. Település és életmód a neolitikum-rézkor fordulóján a Dunántúlon (Veszprém, 2011)
Összefoglalás
STONE AND CLAY SETTLEMENT AND WAY OF LIFE AT THE NEOLITHIC/COPPER AGE TRANSITION IN TRANSDANUBIA (Settlements of the Lengyel culture around Tűzköves hill at Szentgál) INTRODUCTION The settlements of the Lengyel culture around the provenance of the Szentgál radiolarite on Tűzköves hill at Szentgál form a special settlement unit: they differ from the rest of the sites of the region and, according to the excavation data, they were connected with the extraction point: they were stone raw material exploitation and processing settlements, which, coming from their function, were always established in mine regions. Their geographical setting implies the supposition that they were settlements with a well defined function, a function that was determined by the mine located in a central position. The examined sites are distributed at the feet of the hill and they controlled the roads that led there. This special situation was caused not solely by the raw material demand by Neolithic societies but it was rather a historical situation that can be described with the notions of ownership, property, defence and the well-organised control of a community. According to the analysis of the ceramic material, the finds belong to a local group of the Lengyel culture. The group can be localized in the central part of Transdanubia. Kaposvár-Gyertyános the site of our comparative material marks the southern border of the occupation zone and it can be dated from the second half of period II and from period III. RESEARCH HISTORY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITES Research history The investigation of the sites of the Lengyel culture started in Veszprém county in the 80’s with the financial support of the OTKA. They were first conducted by the Hungarian Geological Institute and then in the collaboration of the Hungarian National Museum and the Laczkó Dezső Museum in Veszprém. In the 80’s, the starting point of the investigations was the Tűzköves hill at Szentgál, from where the raw materials of flaked stone tools were procured to the larger part of Transdanubia in prehistoric times. Katalin Biró excavated in the mine between 1983 and 1994 (Biró 1995a). In result of field walking conducted around the hill in 1985 and 1989, a special settlement structure became outlined, which impelled us to investigate of the local sites of the Lengyel culture. Small-scale excavations were conducted at Szentgál-Füzi-kút in 1986-1988, at Szentgál-Telki-dülő in 1995, at Ajka-Pál-ma- jor in 1996-1997 and at Városlőd-Újmajor in 1998-1999 (Regenye 2001). Location of the sites (Fig. 3) Szentgál-Tűzköveshegy (Fig. 4) It is a 438 m high hill in the Bakony hills, where Jurassic radiolarite was extracted during the entire range of prehistory. 2. Ajka—Feketehegy The small site can be found at the eastern edge of Ajka town on the northern bank of Toma streamlet. 3. Ajka-6 Szent István Street The site can be found on a built-in territory in the western part of Ajka town 4-500 m north of Toma streamlet. Its extent is not known. 85
