A Balaton-felvidék népi építészete. A Balatonfüreden, 1997. május 21-23-án megrendezett konferencia anyaga (Szentendre-Veszprém, 1997)

S. Lackovits Emőke: Református parókiák építése és típusai a Balaton-felvidéken a 18. századtól 1900-ig

Building and types of parsonages of Protestants in the Balaton-Uplands from the 18th century till 1900 EMŐKE S. LACKOVITS: In Hungary, like anywhere in Europe where the Reformation had gained a foothold, the first parish priests of the new religion were former Catholics. Where the majority of the population converted to Protestantism, the parsonages, dwelling places of the former clergy, also have been used by the Protestants. Exactly this happened in the Balaton-Uplands in Transdanubia too. In the decades of the Counter-Reformation, especially in the "quiet" years (1741-1762, when Márton Padányi Bird was the bishop of Veszprém), more and more cases of violent recatholisation became known. At the same time, Protestant communities were deprived of their buildings. Several parsonages were decaying. Only the Edict of Tolerance brought a positive change to the situation (after 1781!). We know the parsonages of only 12 villages out of 40 municipalities of the region. They originate in the 17th, resp. beginning of the 18th century. At this time, the construction of Protestant parsonages remained behind the building activities of roman-catholic parsonages. Still we can claim that parsonage architecture in the Balaton-Uplands compared with other Protestant municipalities in Transdanubia, represent a higher level. From the end of the 18th century onwards we can observe a spectacular development. This development continues in the 19th century to a great extent. The parsonages built in the 19th century can be devised into two types. The parsonages erected before 1850 were dwelling houses of modest size and quality. Some of them were old houses replaced by new ones, some have been renovated and extended. After 1850, however, the newly built parsonages were modern, spacious houses with the necessary amenities. If we try to insert these parsonages in the system of contemporary village buildings, we can differentiate two groups. The first type consisted of 2-4 rooms (dwelling room + kitchen, room + kitchen + room or room + kitchen + pantry, room + kitchen + room + pantry) and was provided with open chimney. The second type had 5 rooms (3 dwelling rooms + kitchen + pantry) and had also open chimney. All these houses were provided with porch. The parsonages built in the 20th century comprised 5 or 6 rooms and a closed chimney. Porches were disappearing, instead anterooms came in use. With this, the prototype of parsonage has emerged. In the 19th century, the first and second types of parsonages were very similar to farmhouses of the same age. The third type of parsonages in the 20th century were already houses of the bourgeoisie like we find them everywhere in the country, in towns and market towns. 244