K. Palágyi Sylvia szerk.: Balácai Közlemények 2005/9. (Veszprém, 2005)
REDŐ, FERENC: Italian Villa in the Abruzzi, italianate Villa in Pannónia
is conspicuous that the solution at the altogether more modest Pannonian villa is much more grandiose than in the case of the Italian pattern. This can suggest that both owners had their own ideas independent of the patterns. In the case of the Italian aristocrat these suggest retreat, noise filtering and the evasion of attracting attention, while in Pannónia merely their appearance indicates a behaviour that propagates the diffusion of the Italian economy and culture in a relatively recently pacified region. The Alsórajk villa, as it has already been discussed, belongs to the group of the early peristyle villas. The demonstrated Pannonian analogues contain the main buildings of this group. It was also mentioned that the closest analogue is the Eisenstadt-Gölbersäckern villa, which resembles the Alsórajk, and thus also the San Potito villas in its entire structure and the tiniest detail although it is smaller and less luxurious. (See the fig. 2) It should be remarked that I cannot add anything to the completion of the villa that M Bíró suggested after the Baláca villa, still I am certain that it is not the apse, which was added to the ground plan at the completion 11 , determines the main axis and the facade but the rest of the architectural elements of the building. Accordingly, the main aspect, the orientation must also be re-estimated. It is turned by 90 degrees and thus it exactly matches that of the rest of the villas in the group, first of all that of the Alsórajk villa. I think the analysis suggests that the material can be further classified within this group and, opposite to my former classification 12 , I do not determine the Alsórajk complex as the westernmost example of the villas north of the Balaton. It is rather a member of the group along the Amber Route together with the Eisenstadt villa. (Fig. 8) The characteristic feature of this group is that the Italian pattern consequently appears in it. This pattern following, however, does not mean a simple copying. It is the validation of the theories that determine the Italian villa architecture within the local conditions. ABBREVIATIONS BÍRÓ 1974 BÍRÓ, M.: Roman villas in Pannónia. ActaArchHung 26. 1974. 23-57. MRT2 ÉRI L-KELEMEN M.-NÉMETH P.-TORMA L: Magyarország Régészeti Topográfiája. Veszprém megye régészeti topográfiája 2. A veszprémi járás. Budapest 1969. REDŐ 1996 REDŐ F.: Az alsórajki római villa főépülete és mozaikjai. CommArchHung 1996. 93-115. NOTES 1 The idea of this paper was brought up shortly in a conference held 1994 in Rome, on the contacts between Pannónia and Italy, see: GABLER, D. - REDŐ, F.: Gli scavi della villa romana di san Potito di Ovindoli. In: La Pannónia e lTmpero Romano. Annuario dell'Accademia d'Ungheria. Milano 1995. 292-293.1 would like to explain this idea in the followings. 2 For the Italian villa typology, see: PAINTER, K.: Roman Villas in Italy. Recent excavations and research. British Museum. Occasional Paper n. 24. 1980 (especially papers written by Potter, T.
