Ilon Gábor: Százszorszépek. Emberábrázolás az őskori Nyugat-Magyrországon (Szombathely, 2007)

Katalógus - Középső rézkor: Tőzdelt barázdás kerámia kultúrája - Mihály J.–Komlósi V.–Mink J.–Tóth A.–Tóth Zs.–Ilon G.: A Szombathely–Oladi plató ásatásból származó festékanyagok és festett kerámiák rezgési spektroszkópiai vizsgálata

VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF PIGMENT RAW MATERIALS AND PAINTED CERAMICS EXCAVATED AT LY-OLADI P M ш Щ 111 Europe. To our knowledge, cinnabar was used first in the antiquity of Hungary in the Roman times. Quasi-destructive FTIR measurements (-50 pig removed red paint was pressed in Csl pellet) and non-destructive FTIR microscopic reflection study provided additional information: the cinnabar was mixed with kaolin and fixed on a ceramic surface. Figure 4 compares transmittance spectra of removed red paint (A) with cinnabar (B) and kaolin (C) references. Since the previous FT-Raman investigation did not reveal bands of typical impurities of kaolin (a-quartz and anatase) we can assume that high-purity kaolin was used. FTIR microscopy with high lateral resolution (~5[xm) is suitable for homogeneity (or in homogeneity) studies. However, reflection spectra collected from painted surface that are not absorbance-like spectra, bands of outer and inner hydroxyl groups (3699, 3669, 3655 cm, and 3623 cm, respectively) indicate a homogenous presence of kaolin. The homogeneous nature of the painted layer suggests a deliberate mixing of a pigment with kaolin, rather than unintentional mixing. The aim of this technology is to mix the pigment with very fine, wet clay. As a result the paint was distributed in the clay evenly and for this reason the application of the paint became easier and more complex and fine motifs could be made. In situ FTIR spectra of orange paint layers are absent of characteristic -OH vibrational bands in the 3700-3600 cm"

1 wave number region. Transmission FTIR spectra of removed paint are dominated by clay sediments bands. The pigment on a pottery decorated with white bands was found to be pure calcite (СаСОз) (Fig. 5). FTIR microscopic mapping revealed a uniform, compact paint layer. REFERENCES BIKIARIS, D., DANIILA, S„ SOTIROPOULOU, S., KATSIMBIRI, O., PAVLIDOU, E„ MOUTSATSOU, A.P., CHRYSSOULAKIS, Y. (2000): Ochre-differentiation through micro-Raman and micro-FTIR spectroscopies: application on wall paintings at Meteora and Mount Athos, Greece. Spectrochim. Acta Part A 56: 3-18. BORDIGNON, F„ POSTORINO, P., DORE, P. (2007): In search of etruscan colours: a spectroscopic study of a painted terracotta slab from Ceri. Archaeometry 49: 87-1

00. CASADIO, F. & TONIOLO, L (2001): The analysis of polychrome works of art: 40 years of infrared spectroscopic investigations.]. Cult. Heritage 2: 71-78. DERRICK, M.R. (1995): Infrared Microspectroscopy in the Analysis of Cultural Artifacts in: HUMECKI, H.J.: Practical Guide to Infrared Microspectroscopy, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 287 pp. SMITH, G.D., CLARK, R.J.H. (2004): Raman microscopy in archaeological science. J Arch. Science 31: I 137-1 11 TÓTH, ZS. (2006): Késő neolitikus település részlete Gór-Kápolnadombon, Savaria, a Vas megyei Múzeumok Értesítője, 30: 301-359. Detailed study of the paints on ceramics or possible layered structure of the painting such as the identification of first coat painting, pigments and binding materials need further investigations.