Ilon Gábor: Szombathely őskori településtörténetének vázlata (Szombathely, 2004)

Őskorunk 2. The presence of the Pécel-Baden Culture of the Late Copper Age based on previous data was justified by the most recent researches providing new information from the point of view of settlement history. The features of this culture were successfully justified at two excavation sites recovered during the 3rd construction phase of the route bypassing Szombathely from the North (2. = the Kó'szeri slope on the western terrace of Perint Creek and 5. = the slope under the Reiszig-forest on the western side of PotyondDitch). Along with numerous settlement objects (clay extraction and garbage pits) a few houses with bench foundations widen the variety of artifacts. Notably, (i) there are objects dating back to the Middle Copper, Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages lying next to the house recovered on the slope under the Reiszig-forest (Fig. 28 and Appendix 5); (ii) Late Bronze Age and Celtic settlement features were found in the vicinity of the house situated on the Kőszeri slope (Fig. 31-32 and Appendix 4). These artifacts, however, make the dating quite doubtful. As a novelty, we noticed the appearance of another archaeological unit unknown and being alien at the boundary of the city and in the territory of the county, specifically the artifacts of the Kostolac Culture found on the slope under the Reiszig-forest. The Bronze Age (Fig. 15) In the beginning of the era the late Vuèedol, the Makó és a Somogyvár-Vinkovci Cultures spread across this region. From this age, the remains of a house and a pit have abided (Fig. 33, artifacts: Table XXIII. 4-5) in the yard of Liget Hotel on the terrace of the Perint Creek which I am not able to associate with a culture precisely. Another pit (Table XXIII. 6.) recovered in the vicinity of Metro (Appendix 2-1, 2) and further artifacts hidden by other pits (Table XXIII. 7-8, Table XXIV) found west of the Metro during preventive excavations at a Motel behind the Peugeot car dealer center allow us to presume the existence of another village. Followingly, the southern, Balkan influences were swapped by the migration of the peoples from Central-Europe up to the Rába River, as a natural border line. First, we should highlight the features of the Bell Beaker Culture (Table XXV. 2, Fig. 34-35) as observed in situ during the excavations completed in the 2nd phase of the bypass route construction in the Zanat city quarter in 2000 (Appendix 3-2). The line of the peoples coming from the West was followed by the Gâta Culture in the 3rd Period of the Early Bronze Age. One of their dwellings was located in downtown in Püspökkert/Romkert, the house and artifacts of which are still unpublished. The dwellings and further artifacts of the Burial Mound Culture (Table XXVI. 2) at the end of the Middle Bronze Age leaping into the Late Bronze Age (1400 - 1300 B.C.) have been recovered in Kámon (with Litzen elements: Tables LXXXIII-LXXXIV.) in the construction area of the Heating Plant (published in the archaeozoological material only) and in the western bank of the Perint Creek from site no. 4. located in the track of Route 8721 on Nagyfa-slope (Fig. 47). Along with the representatives of the Burial Mound Culture, a small group of people may have seceded from the Middle Bronze Age population, or the fashionable elements of their material culture (Aunjetitz and Magyarád elements) may have reached Vas County. On the basis of the current state of researches, the very first prehistoric peak of the population density had been present in the era of Urnfield Culture, during which not only the outskirts of the city {Kffszeri99