Vig Károly: Zoological Research in Western Hungary. A history (Szombathely, 2003)

148 Phylum Arthropoda chryson, Anaplectoides prasina and Eugraphe sigma) and 'nemoral' species (Ectropis consonaria, Itame brunneata, Odontopera hidentata, Operophtera fagata, Perizoma hlandiata, Trichopteryx carpinata, T. polycommata, T. sertata, Drymonia melagona, Cerastis leucographa and Diarsia brunnea) inhabit the marshy biotopes of the Hanság. The presence of some of these species, together with the few boreal elements of the region, can be explained by the relatively short distance to the easternmost ranges of the Austrian Alps. The boreal elements consist of only four species, in two different subgroups, the boreal-mesophilous Cerapteryx graminis and Eriopygodes imbecilla, and the vaccinietal-herbophilous Chlorocystis debiliata and Eurois occulta. The rather open marshy woodlands, marshy meadows, peat bogs and hygrophilous grasslands are populated with a great number of Euro-Siberian and Siberian helophilous species. Two of the main curiosities of the Hanság, Coenonympha oedippus and Rhyparioides metelkanus, are already extinct in the district, but several other, faunistically interesting species remain: Maculinea teleius, Idaea nitidata, Scopula caricaria, Perizoma sagittata, Hyles gallii, Zanclognatha tenuialis, Schrankia humidalis, Diachrysia zosimi, Apamea oblonga, Leucapamea ophiogramma, Athetis pallustris, Hyssia cavernosa gozmanyi, Graphiphora augur and Xestia sexstrigata. The littoral vegetation of the lake shores and the banks of the stream valleys also have an interesting, arundiphilous fauna, consisting mostly of endophagous Noctuidae species, such as Archanara neurica, Phragmatiphila nexa, Sedina buettneri, Lacanobia splendens and Mythimna straminea. The warmer, more xerothermic habitats are dominated by various groups of Mediterranean and western Palaearctic faunal elements. The grassland habitats are marked by certain steppe species, and some of these HoloMediterranean and Ponto-Mediterranean species are very important from a faunistic point of view (Heteropterus morpheus, Parnassius mnemosyne, Maculinea arion, Idaea subsericeata, Narraga fasciolaria, Perizoma hydrata, Hemaris tityus, Tyria jacobaeae, Cryphia domestica, Simyra nervosa, Eremobia ochroleuca, Shargacucullia thapsiphaga and Noctua orbona). The typical silvicolous fauna of the hilly (and lowland) oakwoods belong to two different categories. The zonal oak forests are typically dominated by thermophilous oakwood species such as Chloroclysta siterata, Cleorodes lichenaria, Tephronia sepiaria, Larentia clavaria, Saturnia pyri, Antheraea yamamai, Cymatophorima diluta, Nola chlamitulalis, Catocala sponsa and Apamea illyria. Finally, the stands of shrubby or dwarfed oakwood harbour some more xerophilous, pubescental species, feeding usually on Quercus pubescens, such as Paraboarmia viertlii, Ennomos quercaria and Phalera bucephaloides. The microlepidopteran fauna of the Hanság is far less known than the Macroheterocera, with only 275 microlepidopterous species recorded. Thus there are no scientific grounds for a wider zoogeographical analysis, as there is with the Macroheterocera (SZABÓKY 2002b). Zoogeographical division of the Carpathian Basin has already been based on analysis of the distribution of several animal groups. JÓZSEF SZENTIVÁNY (1938c) sought to base his scheme on collection data for Macrolepi-