Nagy Zoltán: A dunántúli cseréppipa-készítő műhelyek és termékeik a 19. században (Fontes Castriferriensis 1. Szombathely, 2001)
FONTES CASTRIFERRIENSIS № 1 2001. The rate of pipe fragments equal to the Monaco spot (Appendix: Table No. 3.). ín this case, the factory made hard tiles constitute a rate of some 4%, whilst the level of folk ceramics is quite high: fired grey, unglazed, fired red and unglazed, as well as glazed clay pottery artifacts constitute one-third of the total material including numerous products of the pottery work shops of Csákvár, Ják, Sümeg, Velemér-valley, Dőr, Tüskevár etc. A special group of folk ceramics is classified separately and called "old plate" consisting pottery with the features of ribbed rim, glaze decorated, presumably made in the 18 century, which neither can be collected through ethnographical searches, nor archaeology considers them any longer (Tables XXXIV-XXXVI). Stoveeyes, however, are still taken into account, of which only a few remained witnessing the loss of stove-eyes; from these especially one glazed tile of a diamond shape, and a square front dated the 17 т-18 1Ь century outstands (Table XXXIII.). Out of the clay-pipes a peculiar and plastic one with flask and deer motives depicts a hunting scene with Napoleon's live figure, half-length portrait of Francis the 1 st and a gallion-figured sailing steam-boat (Tables CXV, CXVIII.). The statistical data of historical sources (files: Pápa, Podrecsány, Pest, Debrecen, Selmecbánya, Trausdorf, Zólyom, Körmöcbánya) informs that the per capita production of pipes per diem is somewhere between 60 and 100. In case we accept the information provided by Ecsedi, i.e. at the occassion of pipe making in Debrecen an amount of 105 nails were hit into the desk, and the semi-prepared pipes were placed on this surface, since "a hundred was numbered and five was left to throw away", we may consider a production process counting an amortization of 5% true. If this is still true for the Age of Reformism, then 20 good quality pipes can be calculated for one pipe fragment thrown away. In case a master craftsman in Körmend makes 60 pipes a day, then three craftsmen known from the sources working continuously must have produced 70.000 pes. per annum. Counting one clay-pipe with 4 dkg (ce. 0,08 Ib.), this estimated average production produces 8.9 quintals of amortized pipes between 1823 and 1831 in total, plus 448.000 pes. (179 quintals) of fine products could have been brought to the market meaning that each master crafstman had 60 kilograms (1 kg = 2 lb. 3 % oz.) of amortized goods per annum, which he put into the filling in layer of the city. If we accept this calculation model we may understand how both the Monaco spot and the spot at 55, Street Rákóczi may have aggregated a household waste layer mixed with pipe fragments between 1030 cm (1 foot = 30,48 cm) in such a short period of time. Based on various sources, data on the active clay-pipe workshops and manufactures In the area of the historical Hungary in the first half of the 19 th century are collected in the files. The aforementioned archive gives place for the historical and personal data as well as production features of 19 89
