Nagy Zoltán: A dunántúli cseréppipa-készítő műhelyek és termékeik a 19. században (Fontes Castriferriensis 1. Szombathely, 2001)
NAGY ZOLTÁN: DUNÁNTÚLI CSERÉPPIPA KÉSZÍTŐ MŰHELYEK ÉS TERMÉKEIK A XIX. SZÁZADBAN owned by the Pituk family gave once place for a pipe making workshop perhaps. Said spot, still in the possession of the family, provided numerous black and red pipe fragments chipped whilst firing, marked with BENIA, ANNERT, BENJAMIN ANNERT seals. Remarkable to see on this pipe fragment Emperor Francis facing the right direction under the logo (VIVAT FRANZ II.) engraved in an oval field of pearl decorated frame on a sevenfold shell-shaped soil amongst the figures of a woman's head with coronet, several women dancing and holding lutes, other Dionysian figures, Homer portraits, and the favored depictions of the Wiener classicism. Such depictions amazingly correspond the reliefs on the pipe fragments recovered in Körmend. Levárdy also points out in his work that he was incapable to find any track of Master Annert even from historical sources. Further he adds that along with the decorated pipes other ones with the label of THERESIENFELD F. NETTER were found in the waste-yard, of which bottom also hid a copper coin from the 1800's. The aforementioned artifact generated further thoughts, as the early pieces of the workshop of Theresienfeld, operating from the 1810's, may have been found in Körmend. In his article published in 1963, Béla Kovács prepared the tipology of claypipes recovered archaeologically in Dobó István Castle Museum. The excavations, taking place between 1925-34, brought around 700 pipes to light overlapping the period of the Turkish-era to the end of the 18 th century. Adapting István Ecsedi's ethnographical study, Béla Kovács distinguished several classes on the basis of stylistics and shapes. The Hungarian-type pipes, which he generates to Turkish shapes, are deemed to be Hungarian made, as the excavations at Eger Castle in 1960 recovered pipes with corresponding marks and ceramics and also a coin of Marie Thérèse. The author highlights that such clay-pipes may not have been made after 1783 for the reason that Bishop Károly Esterházy purchased the castle from the Treasurer; the less people were able to visit from that point of time, the less number of broken pipes were thrown away. If this theory is accepted, then the presence of the pipes thought to be Hungarian fragments in Körmend, Bonyhád, Vasvár may be called the continuation of this shape in the 19 th century (Tables XLIII-XLVII). Perhaps this type is classified under "ordinary", which was for sale "next to the Selmec pipes" at the Jew's grocery store in Körmend in 1849. In his study titled "Arrabona" published in 1974 (an artifact saving excavation in the yard of the so-called Teleki Army Base), Miklós Béla Szőke pinpointed plenty of ceramics, pipe fragments and animal bones found in the trench of the Győr castle in a fragmentary layer dated around 1820, which also contained 3 coins of Francis the 1 st from the 1800's. The author dates this layer after the fall of the bastion following the regulation of Napoleon in 1809. The examined artifacts in the Xantus Museum correspond with the old layer of the Selmec-pipes recovered in Körmend, the only difference was that the 86
