Nagy Zoltán - Szulovszky János (szerk.): A vasművesség évezredei a Kárpát-medencében. Thousands of Years of Ironcrafts in the Carpathian Basin (Anyagi kultúrák a Kárpát-medencében 3. Vas Megyei Múzeumok Igazgatósága, Szombathely, 2009)

MAGYAR Kálmán: A somogyi középkori vasművesség (kovácsművesség) emlékei 1

(Magyar 1983. 101., hogy Kötcse-Póca-puszta, majd Kapoly-Póca-puszta (Magyar 2004-2005.300, 343-345.). This location was considered as a large settlement with at least three streets at the water-front and a manor-house on the hill. (3 th pictures) Our on-site examination positioned the expanded spot of the pit of the workshop full of iron-cinder, charcoal and iron-scraps found in the corn-field south-west of the settlement. Those iron objects found in the manor-house and its neighbourhood are probably products from the smith-workshop in the 14th-16th century. (We also found other iron remains among the ceramics dated to the ll-13th century in the territory of the former village!) (3-6th tables) .The archaeological location was east of Warriors' Road. Similarly, in the case of the village Kapoly, whose name derives from Kapoks or Copulch, i.e the name of a Cumanian man, which was also mentioned in an official source in 1152. This village is along a stream 100 metres to the west of the national road north from the junction of Szántód and Tab. In the field north of the fences and the hillside of the Kapoly-manor (as it is called today) several remains of houses in two rows were found, with lots of ceramics. On the northern border of the settlement, near the stream of the puszta, a 20x20-metre-size charcoal area with iron-figures, raw-iron pieces and different tools was found according to the local people. Here we could identify the remains of the smithworkshop during our examination in 2003. Mr. Zoltán Bognár, the landlord, found a large piece of a waterdriven whetstone 50 metre from the bank of the stream. (The square-shaped large whetstone has a opening for the axle, however not in the middle. It shows that the large-size wooden axle might have been curved, therefore the eccentricity of the curve of the axle might have been compensated by this solution.) Dr. Imre Sipos, a local priest, saw a small riffle in the stream in 2007. In his opinion, the whetstone might have been driven by a smaller paddlewheel. Probably the final refining of the iron-tools was done here in this smith-workshop. Father dr. Sipos: „ Mr. Zoltán Balogh found other lots of ironscraps up to several kilogram-weights, and scraps from the smith-workshop (shortened tools, and work-pieces, half-ready iron objects). Tools such as engravers, locks (with master-marks) and other tools came to light as well." (l-2

th tables) We might find that this smithworkshop was the last building in the north of Kapoly in the Middle-Ages. The other houses were further, more than 100 metres from here. In 1987, I published all findings of the smith-workshop on the territory of Segesd, a provincial town. (5

th pictures) (Magyar 1998.155-184., Magyar 1999. 230-240.). We found a complete stock of tools and products including a smith's anvil, hammers and clamps in the town hidden in the middle of 17th century. (13-20

th tables) Last but not least we should mention the findings of ceramics and clayballs found during the renovation of a house on 29, Szent Imre Street in Somogyszob in 1997. (Ms. Orsolya Kapitány, an ethnographer and Ms. Gáborné Gőzsy, a photographer brought these objects into the Rippl-Rónai Museum, Kaposvár. Ms. Csilla Aradi, an archaeologist, registered them. The two clayballs were shown at the millennia exhibition in 2000. Dr. Judit Kvassay, an archaeologist, and a well-known expert on such findings, took notice of those pieces at the conference on M7 Highway on 2 February, 2007. The scientific literature classifies clayballs as accessories of a smith-workshop. Dr. Kvassay „ we should also consider that clayballs might have been accessories of other industrial activities rather than only ironworks." She continued „we can only guess the function of a clayball as long as we do not know exactly what the process of smith-works and other industrial activities were in the Arpadian Ages." Dr. László Költő, an archaeologist, found two such „mysterious" clayballs together with ceramics from the 15-16th centuries in a refilled pit full with cinder and charcoal in the northern-east of Segesd village during his archaeological findings protection work in February, 2007. That is the reason that I also decided to revisit my clayball-finding in Somogyszob after 10 years. (Not forgetting, that the exact specification how the archaeological findings from the 13-14th centuries in Somogyszob (Aradi Csilla, Ltsz. 97.34.1.) had come to light has not been ascertained since then.) Therefore on 13 March, 2007 I visited Ms. Valéria Horváth (Somogyszob, Szent Imre utca 29.), who delivered the findings. Ms. Horváth is a forestry engineer and she remembered everything, also she showed me the photo-documentation. I learnt that she found the objects during the renovation of the so-called guest-room of the peasant-house of Kiss Illés built in the first half of the 19th century. When they were replacing the eastern walls made in brick with a length of 7.5 metres and a width of 53 centimetres, they found them in a depth of 60 cm in the middle of a wooden plate in an old corner. They found also a broken large crockery set in its original state (in situ!) with 8 clayballs in it, and some fireplace scraps and charcoal in a corner with some 6-7 other types of bricks (where two of them had a monogram SZE). They found many remains from the Middle-Ages on the whole territory of the house in 1989-1997, which refer to the settlement in 14-16th century. For us the most interesting things were the very special clayballs (8-9

th pictures) in the crockery at an old (middle age) fireplace made with bricks with a monogram SZE on them in its original state. Irodalomj egyzék Bogdán 1978 Bogdán István: Magyarországi hossz-és földmértékek a XVI. század végéig Budapest Buza 2005 Buza János: Kézművesség a három részre szakadt Magyarországon A magyar kézművesipar története (szerk.: Szulovszky János) Budapest, 171-191. Gömöri 2000 Gömöri János: Az avar kori és Árpád-kori vaskohászat régészeti emlékei Pannoniában (Magyarország iparrégészeti lelőhelykatasztere I. Vasművesség Sopron Gömöri 2005 Gömöri János: A Kárpát-medence kézművessége a magyar honfoglalás előtt in. A magyar kézművesipar története (szerk.: Szulovszky János) Budapest, 63-71. Győrffy 1977 Győrffy György: István király és műve. Budapest Hoffman 2004 Hoffmann Tamás: Mindennapi történelem az űtközőzónában Vázlat a parasztok, a kereskedők és az iparosok életmódjáról a 6-18.