Vig Károly (szerk.): Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok Értesítője 39. (Szombathely, 2017)
Néprajztudomány - Nagy Zoltán: Történeti források feltárásának tanulságai: bortároló hordók és gabonatároló eszközök, dongás edények a szentgotthárdi apátság falvaiban a hagyatéki leltárak tükrében (1786-1846). Harmadik rész: gazdaságok dongás faedény szükséglete a 18-19. században
NAGY ZOLTÁN: TÖRTÉNETI FORRÁSOK FELTÁRÁSÁNAK TANULSÁGAI: BORTÁROLÓ HORDÓK ÉS GABONATÁROLÓ ESZKÖZÖK... szehasonlító táblázat zárja a dolgozatot. Az inventáriumokról pedig név szerinti forrásjegyzékek könnyítik meg a több száz adat közötti eligazodást. kulcsszavak: Szentgotthárdi Ciszterci Apátság uradalma, „Vendvidék”, „Rába-völgye”, hagyatéki becsűk 1786-1846, eceteshordó, boroshordócska, pálinkásbucska, vízhordó sajtár, itatósajtár, csöbör, káposztáshordó, répáshordó, fejőzséter, köpülő vagy vajrázó edény, vindel, párló- vagy szapusajtár. Abstract Lessons from the examination of historical sources: barrels for storing wine, vessels made with staves and implements for storing grain in the villages of Szentgotthárd Abbey, in the light of the legacy inventories (1786-1846). Part three: need of farms for wooden vessels made of staves in the i8th-i9th centuries. By analysing the one hundred and sixty legacy and farm evaluations from the seventeen villages of the Szentgotthárd Cistercian Abbey manor (the “Wend region" and the “Rába Valley” with Hungarian population), we reviewed the need for wooden vessels made of staves in the individual farms. We compared the types of vessels discovered with the 18thigth century tariffs in the county (and Transdanubia). As control and at the same time for the sake of comparison, we used the data respecting vessels made of staves in the inventories from two hundred serf’s farms in the villages of Keszthely manor, kept in the Ethnology Archives of the Museum of Ethnography. With respect to the individual storage vessels, we also used the Hungarian dictionary and lexicon literature in order to be able to clarify the variants of the names for specific objects and their appearance in space and time. Once again we focussed on the utility of the archival sources. The aggregate data analysis revealed a high degree of inaccuracy of around 25% in connection with the vessels definitely to be expected in each farm (cabbage barrel, vinegar barrel, lye tub). Some of the uncertainty factors may be explained by the fact that the frequent deficiency of the early data (1786) demonstrably arises from the inorganisation of the inventory taking and the differing approaches to it. By the first third of the 19th century the means of producing inventories had changed, so we obtain a roughly accurate picture of how the farms were stocked in a way which reflects reality. The vessels made from staves are craftsman’s products, but their prices fixed in the tariffs do not prevail here, as even a “new” vessel counts as used in the eyes of those making the evaluations. Typically 2/3 or one half of the real price was recorded in their farm evaluations. It has become certain that compared with the farm’s high-value assets, even in excess of 50-100-200 florins (house, oxen, horses, carts, implements used for ploughing), 1-5 florins were reckoned for the larger vessels with iron hoops, and 6-12 kreuzers for the smallest, or “shoddy” wooden vessel made of staves, i.e. these were considered to be of economic value. Based on this fact, our statistical calculations have been produced with regard to every type of object, assuming that the objects indispensable for the household (drinking pail, water pail, well bucket) are frequently found in the given documents, whereas the commodities which are less well known for some reason (beet barrel, pail, tub, milking pail, churn, butter firkin, wine cask, brandy flask) are found rarely or not at all. With regard to the vessels made from staves, temporal and micro-regional discrepancies also stand out. In this respect, the more archaic, economically poorer “Wend region” is easily demarcated together with its diffuse villages bordering the block from the north. The serf’s farms of the more bourgeois, economically more developed villages in the Rába valley lying close to the manorial centre have demonstrably larger quantities and more kinds of vessels made from staves. The three villages close to Slovene country, bordering the Rába Valley from the north (Farkasfa, Csörötnek, Gyarmat) are closer to the handicraft culture of the Őrség. In a few cases the vessels made from staves are completely, or almost completely missing from a group of villages, even if they display one or two linguistic differences. The beet barrel is only known here, in contrast to the butter firkin, milking pail, drinking pail and well bucket, which are almost unknown. On the other hand, the neighbouring Rába Valley which relies on a trade route is richer in pails, here in one fifth to one quarter of the farms the milking pail, the churn and the firkin were in use, from which we know that these were also known in the Őrség. The paper closes with photographs of the thirteen vessels made from staves discussed in the article, and a comparative table of the tariffs from the period 1724-1818. Reference lists for the inventories according to name also ease orientation among the hundreds of data. keywords: Szentgotthárd Cistercian Abbey manor, “Wend region”, “Rába Valley”, legacy evaluations 1786-1846, vinegar barrel, wine cask, brandy flask, water pail, drinking pail, pail, cabbage barrel, beet barrel, milking pail, churn, firkin, lye tub. 178
