Savaria – A Vas Megyei Múzeumok Értesítője 36. – (2013) (Szombathely, 2013)

RÉGÉSZET - SZILÁGYI Magdolna: VÁROSOK, UTAK, KERESKEDELEM

SZILÁGYI Magdolna TEKE Zsuzsa - 1971 Velencei-magyar kereskedelmi kapcsolatok a XIII-XV. században. Budapest TÓTH Endre - 1996-1997 A Sabaria/szombathelyi vár 9-13. századi történetéhez. Zur Geschichte der Burg Sabaria/Szombathely im 9-13. Jarhundert. Savaria 23/3. 359-367. - 2006 Itineraria Pannonica. Római utak a Dunántúlon. Budapest TÓTH István György - 1979 Körmend alapítása. A város alaprajza a 17. században. Századok 113. 643-658. TÓTH Melinda - 1966-1970 A sárvári vár építéstörténete. Die Baugeschichte der Burg Sárvár. Savaria 4. 193-286. TÖRŐCSIK Zoltán - 1986 A XIII. századi Tapolca történetének vázlata. Überblick der Geschichte von Tapolca im Xlll-ten Jahrhundert. A Veszprém Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 18. 159-195. VÁNDOR László - 1991 Kőszeg - Rajnis u. 11., 12., 13. Régészeti Füzetek I/42. 77. VMFN - 1982 Vas megye földrajzi nevei. Szerk.: VÉGH József - BALOGH Lajos. Szombathely WEISZ Boglárka - 2007 Vásártartás az Árpád-korban. Századok 141. 879-942. - 2012 Vásárok és lerakatok a középkori Magyar Királyságban. Budapest ZÁGORHIDI CZIGÁNY BalÓZS - 1995 Vasvár város privilégiumlevele. Der Stadtrectsurkunde der Stadt Vasvár (Eisenburg). Savaria 22/1. 7-13. - 1996 Az Árpád-kori Vasvár topográfiája. Vasi Szemle 50. 389-397. - 1999a A domonkos rend megtelepedése Vasváron. I. rész. Vasi Honismereti és Helytörténeti Közlemények 1999/1. 61-69. - 1999b A domonkos rend megtelepedése Vasváron. II. rész. Vasi Honismereti és Helytörténeti Közlemények 1999/2. 42-50. Magdolna SZILÁGYI TOWNS, ROADS, TRADE. THE ROLE OF THE ROAD NETWORK IN THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTY VAS IN THE THIRTEENTH AND FOURTEENTH CENTURIES In the territory of medieval County Vas there were four hospes settlements that received royal letters of privilege in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, namely Körmend (1244), Vasvár (1279), Kőszeg and Sárvár (1328). The four royal towns above form two groups on the basis of their chronology and the effect of their privileges on their urban development. Vasvár and Körmend were the earliest settlements. Both were possessed by the king from the onset. By the time they received their letters of privilege from their lord the king, they had already undergone a long process of development. Therefore, their royal privileges can be regarded as the consequences of their former development. In contrast with them, Kőszeg and Sárvár were established by the Kőszegi family in the late Árpád Period. It was the Kőszegis from whom they received their first privileges. In 1327 King Charles I took possession of both towns, and in the following year he reinforced and complemented their earlier privileges. Therefore, the urbanization of Sárvár and Kőszeg did not culminate in but rather started with their royal letters of privilege. As a result of changes in proprietorship, these fourteenth-century royal towns got into a more advantageous situation than the older but by now less privileged towns, Vasvár and Körmend. In addition to the four royal towns above, there was a fifth urban settlement in County Vas called Szombathely. Belonging to the bishop of Győr, Szombathely did not receive any letter of privilege from the king. However, by the mid-fourteenth century it had already reached the level of towns from legal, economic, and other aspects. Due to the donation of the four royal towns to private landowners in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, the legal differences disappeared between them and the bishop's town. By the fifteenth century all the five towns had equally become market towns. Markets and fairs were the prerequisites of urban development. Weekly markets were of vital importance at the beginning of urbanization as they created the closest economic zones around towns. Annual fairs had a great role during the subsequent urban development, because they enabled towns increase their economic zones and get involved in foreign trade. Weekly markets and annual fairs needed to be accessed from settlements belonging to the market areas of towns. That is 240