Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 30. (2006) (Szombathely, 2007)
Régészet - Anderkó Krisztián: Savaria vízvezetéke
Savaria a Vas megyei Múzeumok Értesítője, 30 (2006) he pointed out (SZENTLÉLEKY 1965a: 34; SZENTLÉLEKY 1965b: 237; SZENTLÉLEKY 1968: 30). Emperor Domitianus' coins were found from the earliest period of the public bath in Romkert ('Garden of ruins') (BUOCZ 1991:22). This means that the aqueduct must have been in operation at the end of the 1st century at latest, since the water quantity required for the operation of the bath could have been obtained with difficulties otherwise. Dating the sewage system could support the determination of the aqueduct's age, of which implementation could have taken place in the first half of the 2nd century as referred to by the excavations held in Fő Square (SOSZTARITS 1994: 5). The hydrological analyses demonstrated that the channel was capable to delivery water in enormous quantities to the city, partly to supply the public fountains that operated by the principle of overflows, thus excessive water must have been discharged somehow. This water quantity may have contributed to the undisturbed operation of the sewage water system also working by the principle of gravity feed, but it can be imagined that some water was directly supplied into the channel from the aquaeductus. The constructions of the two public utilities may have taken place at the same time approximately. Emperor Ammianus Marcellinus Valentinianus describes one bath complex in his chronicle, in which he describes his visit in Savaria in 374. Based on this, we may suppose that the aqueduct supplying this complex was still in a working condition at that time. Following the withdrawal of the Roman central administration, the channel may have still operated in the beginning of the 5th century, since the Huns, who controlled the city, defended the springs that fed it as artifacts witness (KÏSSetal 1998:78). The track of the Savarian aqueduct is more or less known, but certain sections, such as the catchments of spring, the connection between Creek Rohonci and the channel, the relations of the parts in Se to each other that were produced by various technical solutions, the precise hydrology, the location of the castellum divisorium and the water distribution system within the city require further researches. Hydrology allows to examine the water delivery and supply capacity of the aquaeductus. The results set in the table below well reflect the enormous delivery and supply capacity of the channel (Q). The determining element of the capacity of the aqueduct was not its clearance (permeability), but inclination: between Bozsok and Austria (first measured point): 22,4%o, in Austria (between the first and last measured points): 9.5%o, between Austria (last measured point) and Bucsu: 6,2%o, between Bucsu and Se: 3,4%o. The average inclination between the two end points (Bozsok and Se) known to date: 9,l%o, which far exceeds the inclination of 5%o proposed by Vitruvius. This sharp inclination explains why the delivery and supply capacity of the Savarian aqueduct was so enormous in contravention to the ones having had similar clearances, yet milder slopes. The daily water output calculated on the basis of two Austrian sections having had an average permeability may explain the performance of the aqueduct the best: Q = 0.8802 тЗ /s a 76.000 тЗ /day Q = 1.8892 тЗ /s a 163.200 тЗ /day As a comparison (NEYES 1980:13, 15; FAHLBUSCH 1983:134) see the aqueduct data of a few cities • in the chart. 45
