Savaria - A Vas Megyei Múzeumok értesítője 24/3. (1997) (Szombathely, 1997)
Marton Erzsébet: Régészeti park volt Velemben
SAVARIA 24/3 (1998-1999) PARS ARCHAEOLOGICA from Gór and Velem, stray finds of Sághegy, Velem - HRIVNÁK - POLKA 1998). This is the first approach of it, that I would like to repeat my experiment in Velem St. Vid one day if we could rebuild it in the Archaeological Park. The first constructed prehistoric warp weighted loom in Hungary can be seen and used in Százhalombatta, in the Archaeological Park (HORVÁTH- MARTON 1998). The archaeological evidences of the technological reconstruction The base of this experiment was the excavations' material found in the fortified settlements of Tumulus culture Early Urnfield culture, from the territories of Bakony and Alps (ILON 1996, 89, XV. t. 5; NOVÁKI 1979, 37. ábra; HRIVNÁK - POLKA 1998; MARTON 1996, 249, 10. t.). Gór-Kápolnadomb, excavated by Gábor Ilon in 1991. Pit „С", E-F section: „In a supposed pit 6 pieces of ring shaped decorated weights were laying in the dark, carbonised level, 60 cms far a deformed, burned urn and one more piece of weight was found." The function of weights I have to give mention to drawings of the figurai urn in Sopron-Várishegy and the tintinnabulum from Bologna, where are shown (symbolic?) weaving process (Datation: Early Iron Age, HC, around 8 th-6 th century ВС). I also turn attention of the settlement Moresti (Romania), where a pit house found with weaving loom and textile remains (Datation 10th century AD). It seens to be clear, that these weigths belonged to the warp and these are not only pottery decorations, as the archaeologists supposed it before. Modelling I made 80 pieces of clay weights, I dried it on the sun. These were copies of the pieces found in Velem between 1989-1991. During this procedure I realised how easy to make such forms, one piece takes 10 minutes, its weight was about 100 gr. I decorated the weights with a small branch. In that case using 80 pieces of weigths, the textile's width will be around 80 cms. The loom The loom was created by my mother, who is a carpenter in South-Hungary, Mohács. I shown her Greek paintings (Penelope's loom), the tintinnabulum from Bologna, photographs and drawings published in M. Hoffmann's book. I planned to weave a 80 cms wide textile. Cause of that we made aim wide and 1.5 m height vertical standing loom, known the looms using until now in my hometown's textile workshops. Making warp I have never done that until 1998.1 learnt it from a girl who came from Transylvania (Romania), and I realised how amusing and easy to do that. It is more simple, but takes it longtime. One idea came to my mind about the practicable form of ring-shaped, when I remember how we decorate the Christmas tree in Hungary knotting ringshaped sugar cakes. I did the same in the case of loom weights realising that I can leave more length warp, as the height of the loom, because we can change it very easaly. We can use double threads for every weight, but we never use more for one weight. In that case the wellknown demonstration of the loom is incorrect. See above! Counter shed Barber also discussed the problem of mechanical shedding. There are no archaeological evidences of it, but that means the main question of real weaving. „With no recognisable heddle bars available, and no representations of the warp weighted loom until very late... To open part of the countershed, you simply take hold of the rod and pull it forward, holding it with one hand while inserting the weft with the other..."(BARBER 1994, 111-112) I suppose it could be very unpractical, no mentioned some extra-frustrations, when the threads will become a mass, while we are moving the rod. So instead of that I can propose the detailed examination of the drawings of „tintinnabulum" from Bologna. The loom is absolutely vertical here, not using the gravity for separating the threads into a natural division, even thought the warp is moving with the weights together with a rod. How is it possible? What is the raison of that? You can help the practice again. If we turn up the first rows of threads with weights to a rod, after that point we can change the shed, the threads will be fixed, while they are moving togehter. 418
