Savaria - A Vas megyei Múzeumok értesítője 22/3. (1992-1995) (Szombathely, 1996)

Pásztor Adrien: A Csákberény-orondpusztai avar kori temető gyöngyleleteinek tipokronológiai vizsgálata

SAVARIA22/3 (1992-1995) PARS ARCHAEOLOGICA THE TYPOCHRONOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE BEAD FINDS OF THE CSÁKBERÉNY-ORONDPUSZTA CEMETERY FROM THE AVAR PERIOD The cemetery of Csakberény discovered in 1935 has long been regarded as the largest explored cemetery from the Avar Period. In the course of a several years' work approximately one-third of the cemetery has been explored by Arnold Marosi, then by Gyula László. The scientific treatment of the finds, most of which are from the late 6th century and the 7th century, is being continued at present. One part of this work is the analysis of the jewel material of the cemetery, which includes the classification, typologization and typochronological analysis of the beads. The main purpose of the lecture is to outline a method through which bead finds necessarily get into the centre of analyses when treating a cemetery in an up-to-date way. Adopting the system of bead typology (as far as it is possible) we are trying to make the inner chronology of the Csakberény cemetery more precize. The outlines of the questions and problems to be solved; the sketch of the examination method and work process: 1) To create the database of the 54 graves yielding bead finds, in LOTUS 1-2-3 program. This contains the most typical characteristics of the graves and the list of their furniture as well as the type code and the description of each bead, on the basis of an elaborated abbreviation concept (table IX: pp. l-2o). 2) The systematization of bead types into tables and coloured picture plates (coloured plates I-VI; table I, 1.11,4). The classification of the main types of the glass beads occuring in the cemetery: 1) globe-like; 2) twin globe-like; 3) cylindrical; 4) biconical; 5) prismatic; 6) melonseed shaped; 7) amphora-shaped; 8) amorphous; and the description of those not made of glass (amethyst, marble and lead). 3) Beads in the costume of the people of Csakberény. 4) The typochronological analysis of the characteristic types. To what extent do the bead types and strings of beads occuring in the cemetery have chronological value? 5) The examination of the relative chronological relation between the find horizons of the beads and those of the graves. To what extent can these "small" finds influence the chronological determination of the grave furniture and the inner chronology of the cemetery? Summary: On the basis of the graves of the Csákberény-cemetery, containing beads as well, the following chronological phases can be distinguished: - the last third of the 6th c/ the first third of the 7th century: graves 18., 68., 104., 185., 186. - the beginning of the 7th century: grave 142. - the end - the middle third of the 6th century (the beginning of the 7th century): graves 138., 154. - the first third of the 7th century: graves 45., 61. - the first third (the first half) of the 7th century: grave 367. - the first third/ the second quarter of the 7th century (the first half of the 7th century): graves 208., 224., 293., 310., 397. - the middle third/the second quarter of the 7th century: grave 69. - the middle third/the first half of the 7th century: graves 55., 170., 300., 356. - the middle/ the middle third of the 7th century: graves 176., 240., 349., 387. - the middle/the last third of the 7th century: grave 421. - the last third of the 7th century: graves 201., 220., 228., 259., 274., 298., 406., 411. - the last third of the 7th century/the beginning of the 8th century: graves 314., 414. - the second half of the 8th century/the first third of the 9th century: grave 251. According to these chronological phases the people of Csakberény had begun using the burial place from the last third of the 6th century, and continued burying there in the course of the 7th century. The chronological hiatus in the 8th century is due to the unexploitedness of the burial place. It may have been a wide graveyard as the later graves (joining organically with the earlier graves though situated on the NE edge) represent the second half of the 8th century/the first third of the 9th century (see the map of the cemetery). Subscriptions: Colour plates 1-6: The type-plates of the beads of the cemetery of Csákberény-Orondpuszta from the Avar Period 54