Gaál Attila (szerk.): Pannoniai kutatások: A Soproni Sándor emlékkonferencia előadásai - Bölcske, 1998. október 7. (Szekszárd, 1999)
Nagy Mihály: A pannoniai IV. századi burgus-típusok méretei
The types and dimensions of the ground plan are related to each other. The most simple type is a relatively small rectangular building without a central pillar. In Pannónia, only three towers were found, the sides of which are shorter than 40 orthodorons. 7 " 10 The inner side of the walls of the burgus excavated at Esztergom-Búbánatvölgy II are 35 orthodorons long. 13 Burgi having 47 orthodorons long, or even longer walls, are belonging to a new type. In some cases a central pillar was observed inside the building, like e.g. at Komárom-Koppánymonostor-Milch burgus. 16 The burgus encircled with a wall and ditch at Neszmély-Tekerespatak 17 (Fig. 1.) had similar dimensions. The burgus no. I with a rhomboid plan at Esztergom-Szentgyörgymező (Fig. 2.) were 47.5 orthodorons long. At Visegrád-Kőbánya the building inscription of the tower, dated to 372 A.D. was also found. It calls this building, which had a central pillar as well, a burgus. 29 Burgi with 58-65 long walls were not recorded from Pannónia. Those, having a longer outer wall and a central pillar and partition walls, like that from Visegrád-Sibrik domb (Fig. 3.) 34 belong to a new type. A larger version of this ground type has four pillars inside (Fig. 4.). 36 " 40 Burgi with a wall longer than 90 orthodorons are representing a new variant of the above mentioned type. The ceiling is usually supported by a rectangular masonry wall (appearing as four L-shaped corners on the plan) instead of four pillars. 44 This kind of supporting walls were not recorded from Pannónia so far. (Inner parts of large sized burgi were not excavated, only their walls). The last typological group of burgi were identified by earlier research as bridgeheads (so-called burgi of the Nógrád verőce type). They were rather waterside military magazines with a fortified courtyard. 48 " 55 In certain cases the wall thickness was used as a module for the building. The most common module is 5 orthodorons for burgi with a wall shorter than 70 orthodorons. The burgi at Bacharnsdorf and Zeiselmauer (both in Austria) are suitable for the study of the elevation of burgi (Figs. 7. and 8.). At Bacharnsdorf the distance between the ground and second floor is 2 modules, and 4 modules between the first and third floor. At Zeiselmauer the second floor is 1.75 modules high above the ground floor, while the third floor lays 3 modules above ground. 62 " 63 We may suppose that even small burgi had a multiple function in Pannónia. Very possibly they were signal- and watch-towers in the same time, while the larger ones, like those belonging to the Leányfalu or the Nógrádverőce type 126
