Gaál Attila (szerk.): A Wosinszky Mór Múzeum Évkönyve 26. (Szekszárd, 2004)

K. Zoffmann Zsuzsanna: A Lengyeli kultúra Mórágy B. 1. temetkezési csoportjának embertani ismertetése

Zs. K. Zoffmann Anthropological description of the Mórágy B.l burial group of the Lengyel culture A burial group marked B.l was unearthed in a larger cemetery of the Neolithic Lengyel culture at Mórágy-Tűzkődomb. Originally, the anthropological study of the 86 osteological finds finished in 1991 was intended to be the appendix of István ZALAI-GAAl's archaeological monograph of the site. Nevertheless, it was not added to the study (ZALAI-GAÁL 2002, see note 1) only certain anthropological results were borrowed, and even these show that the original text was misunderstood (e.g. ZALAI-GAAL 2002, 37-39). The present paper is a somewhat abbreviated version of this appendix. The results of the anthropological analysis of the burial group from Mórágy can be summed up in the followings: 1. The anthropological finds that were taken into the museum from the unearthed graves do not represent the entire population that used the cemetery. The lack of new-born and infant individuals is known from other prehistoric cemeteries as well, the significant lack of males from the Mórágy series, however, does not appear in other series. The reason of this phenomenon (cultic customs, polygamy ?) has not yet been clarified. According to demographic analogues and calculations, the community that used the cemetery for ±100, roughly 90-120 years, as it could be read from the archaeological data, probably consisted of 4-5 families that is 25-35 individuals in a generation, at a rough estimation, during the 3-4 generations that used the cemetery. 2. The comparison of the metric data evidently demonstrates the typological heterogeneity of the population. The metric features expressed by the ALEKSEIEV-DEBETS (1964) categories outlined three larger attribute groups in the Mórágy series: • „A" - high-faced leptodolichomorphic type variant, • „B" - low-faced leptodolichomorphic type variant, • „C" - low-faced eurydolichomorphic type variant. From these variants, which occur in the rest of the series of the Lengyeli culture as well, the low-faced eurydolichomorphic variant seems to dominate in the ethnic group represented by the Mórágy B.l series. 3. According to Penrose's distance-analysis, the ethnic group of Mórágy certainly belonged to the so-called „Carpathian Basin group", which consists nearly exclusively of the series of the Carpathian Basin. This indicates the undisturbed local development of an autochtonous probably Early or PreNeolithic basic population. According to our actual knowledge, no significant migration or infiltration from the south-southeast, the east or the west seems to have disturbed this uninterrupted local evolution, at least in a biological sense, in the Neolithic period. The Penrose analyses made separately on male and female series do not contradict this conclusion. 153