Gaál Attila (szerk.): A Wosinszky Mór Múzeum Évkönyve 21. (Szekszárd, 1999)

Bondár Mária: A badeni kultúra újabb és „elfelejtett” idoljai

Mária Bondár The latest and the „forgotten" idols of the Baden Culture Resume In 1995 János Odor made a short rescue excavation at Aparhant-Upper Pasture. Before that in the same territory private collector, Csiszér Antal found two idolfragments along with baden pots. In connection with this two Statuettefragments the author surveyed the known idols of the Baden Culture, among which the the most well-known ones are the so called headless (Kopflosen) idols. Since the appearance of the summarising articles, that deal with the idols (KALICZ 1981, NOVOTNY 1981), other new fragments came to the surface, which are collected in this article of the author. While collecting the materials the author found some idols, that were forgotten during the last decades. Among these idolfragments there are not only headless pieces: a new way of human depicting can be seen, which differs from the „standard" Baden idols. According to the author there are two groups of the idols of the Baden Culture: the first is the cathegory of the flat, insertable-headed idols, and the other is a totally different way of description. While analizing these two cathegories the author deals with question of the dating of the idols too. She states, that the flat, insertableheaded idols - according to the generally accepted dating - are really only the characteristics of the Boleraz and the Early Baden Culture. The author did not find any idols of this type, that were found through authentic circumstances and can be dated earlier. But according to the author, among the flat idolfragments those which are depicted with a neck can be dated to a quite early period of the Baden Culture, the Protoboleraz Horizont in actual terms. Among the non flat idols there are pieces that can be dated to a later period of the Culture, so the relics of human depicting can slowly be shown in all the periods of the Culture. The author points out, that compared to the large quantity of the ceramic materials the number of the idols is insignificant in all the spreading territories of the Baden Culture. Among the tousands of sites of the Baden Culture only 42 is known for some kind of human depicting (in the group of the headless flat idols there are 73 fragments, while there is only 12 idols from the other group). According to these facts, the author assumes, that in one settlement not every house had some kind of home-sanctuary, where the idols would have a God-role, because in this case there would have been much more idols. 52