Vadas Ferenc (szerk.): A Szekszárdi Béri Balogh Ádám Múzeum Évkönyve 13. (Szekszárd, 1986)

Dieter Kaufmann: Der Spätlengyel-Horizont im älteren Mittelneolithikum des Elbe-Saale-Gebietes

ported south especially from the Krakow-Czçstochowa Jurassic Plateau, from the northern edge of the Holy Cross Mountains, and from the Middle Vistula. Moreover, the first copper artefacts started to appear in Poland imported from territories beyond the Carpathians and the Sudetes. The reconstructions of the cultural development of each microregion is hindered by the small number of radiometric dates and lack of longer stratigraphie sequences. This is of special importance in view of the fact that dating based on stylistic seriation of ceramics and diffusion of stylistic elements taken out of their contexts is unreliable. WESTERN LITTLE POLAND The Little Poland sequence is composed of a number of different sites starting with groups which contain elements of the Stroke Ornamented Pottery: the Samborzec group which is contemporaneous with Lengyel lb on the basis Lengyel imported wares; and later the Malice, which evolved in the basin of the upper Oder and the Becva rivers on early neolithic base with a conspicuous component of Stroke-Ornamented Pottery elements (Kaczanowska, Kamienska, Kozlowski 1985). The next taxonomic unit in this sequence is the Pleszów group which evolved during the chronological horizon synchronously, in all probability, with the end of the Malice group in Western Little Poland (this is confirmed by remains of strokeornamented pottery and the presence of white-painted ceramics). The stratigraphy off settlements on the site Nowa Huta-Pleszów 17-20 confirms that this group was subsequent to the Samborzec group (Godlowska 1976). When the „Samborzec" settlement was being replaced by a „Pleszów" type settlement Malice enclaves were present in Western Little Poland (also in the Nowa Huta area). Because of this we cannot establish whether there was a phyletic continuity between the Samborzec and the Pleszów group. Investigations into microregions near Pleszów (Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa 1969, Godlowska et al. in print), also the pollen profiles from the Vistula valley point to a hiatus between settlement phase Ilia (Samborzec group) and Illb (Pleszów group). The hiatus is reflected in the abandonment of fields at the edge of the valley and their displacement to areas higher up where they replaced oak stands. It is characteristic that in phase Illb cultivated cereals contain indigeneous weeds as well and also alien synantropic plants such as archeophytes. This may indicate the arrival of new population groups from Transcarpathian territories but does not constitute sufficient evidence to show phyletic discontinuity between the Samborzec and the Pleszów group. Radiocarbon dates show that this transformation took place at ca. 3800 years BC. At that time the Pleszów group emerged, persisting without a break up to ca. 3200 years BC. For this we have the evidence of datings of the so-called Modlnica phase (Mogila site 62, pit 416-3200±180 and 3570±100 years BC), in all probability, during the evolution of the Modlnica group. Western Little Poland had direct influence from Tiszapolgár groups, represented so far only by materials from Wezerów (Kozlowski 1959). The materials contain typical beakers on a hollow perforated pedestal, small amphorae with the neck tapering towards the top, and a narrowing between the neck and the body. The lithic inventory points to close technological link with the Modlnica group (high ratio of burins which dominate over other tool categories). A high proportion of 296