Istvánovits Eszter (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 55. (Nyíregyháza, 2013)
A 2010. október 11-14. között Nyíregyházán és Szatmárnémetiben megtartott Vándorló és letelepült barbárok a kárpáti régióban és a szomszédos területeken (I-V. század) Új leletek, új értelmezések című nemzetközi régészeti konferencia anyagai - Sorin Bulzan: Császárkori (II-III. századi) telep a Berettyó völgyében Margine/Széltalló, "Valea Tániei-Tarina+ (Bihar megye, Románia)
Migration period finds from Margum: a possible interpretation Kazanski 2002.) are connected to the South Moravian pre-Lombard material culture, apparently to the Heruli (Tejral 2005. 135, Fig. 8: A-C). The story behind the finds from Kamenovo by Petrovac, upon the Mlava River, may be a somewhat different one. In 1960, two Germanic graves were found there by chance. In these graves a woman and a warrior have been buried and, apparently, on the same site some non-Germanic (Roman?) graves were found too. Judging by the finds of Germanic and Early Byzantine brooches, a spearhead, a battle knife and a stamped pot, the graves were dated to the second half of the 6th century. Although the Northern Balkan area of present-day Serbia was not part of Gepidic lands, the graves were attributed to the Gepids and interpreted in the light of the movement of part of the Gepids after the 567 disaster (Simoni 1978. 209-214, PI. I, Pl. II, PI. Ill: I). This line of thinking was followed by Mihailo Milinkovic (1998. 253), but on the other hand there is a more restrained remark of Attila Kiss according to which the graves in question cannot be dated so precisely, i.e. these persons could have been buried before 550 and after 568 likewise (Kiss 1984. 136). Some numismatic evidence may also testify to the turbulent times in this section of the Danube limes. The circulation of gold coins in Northern Illyricum shows an important distribution of light-weight solidi in comparison with other parts of the Byzantine Empire. We would like to point to a hoard from Medjuluzje, consisting of three light-weight solidi of 20 carats struck for Emperor Justinian I (Morrisson et al 2006. 342, no. 263) and numerous stray finds distributed mainly along the Danube border. They can be associated with payment of the army and especially of the foederati in the service of the Empire (Ivanisevic 2010.). Finally, it is important for our theme to undertake a separate analysis of Germanic finds from Kovin. As it has been already mentioned, in this position Contra Margum, the Late Roman fortification Constantia (or Constantiola) was built. Archaeological excavations of the multi-layered site Grad, situated at the lifted terrain of the river terrace above the old Danube riverbed, were conducted on several occasions. The Medieval fortification was best preserved, while traces of more recent and older epochs have been recorded too. In the course of the 1967 and 1986 excavations, a “disturbed” Late Roman stratum was explored in the southeastern part of the plateau. No buildings were found, but only scattered architectural debris, consisting of tegulae with legio VII Claudia stamps too (Brukner-Medovic 1968., Dordevic 2007. 100-101). It is no wonder that Roman and Medieval fortifications were built in this very position, accessible only from the north and defending one of the most convenient crossings of the river Fig. 6 Detail of the map of the Carpathian Basin before the hidro-regulatory works (after Kir 1938.) 6. kép A Kárpát-medence folyószabályozás előtti térképének részlete (Kir 1938. alapján) 473
