Istvánovits Eszter (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 55. (Nyíregyháza, 2013)

A 2010. október 11-14. között Nyíregyházán és Szatmárnémetiben megtartott Vándorló és letelepült barbárok a kárpáti régióban és a szomszédos területeken (I-V. század) Új leletek, új értelmezések című nemzetközi régészeti konferencia anyagai - Boris Raev: Meót plasztikus művészet - nomád hatás vagy megrendelés?

Natal)a Jurjevna Limberis — Ivan Ivanovich Marchenko

134). The grave dates to the end of the 1st - early-2nd cent. AD. (Prohorova-Guguev 1992. 159). Inlays in the places of the eyes also bring together the golden plate from the cemetery of Gorgippia (tomb 2, sarcophagus 2) and phalerae from Starokorsunskaja. On the basis of a bow shaped fibula the assemblage from Gorgippia was put to the 2nd - mid-3rd cent. AD (Treasures 1991. Cat. 182, 184) - overdated in our view.

The belt was put into the grave together with the bridle set. Under bits no. 15 there were bronze and iron strap-ends of pending belts, and near the small phalerae lay rings with belt clasps.

Bronze spoon-shaped strap-ends from additional belts of different types are often represented in Sarmatian sites of the second half of the 1st - early-2nd cent. AD in Northwest Pontic region and the Volga-Ural area (Simonenko-Lobaj 1991.23,60, Fig. 13: 1,2, Fig. 27: 5, 6, Otchir-Goriaeva 2002. Fig. 11). Iron strap-ends are known in the assemblages of the Central Cis-Caucasus. Grave 49/1 of the Podkumskij cemetery has a “narrow” dating and, judging from the set of bow shaped fibulas, belongs to the second half the 1st cent. AD (Abramova 1987. 92, Fig. 45: 1-3, 12, 13, Fig. 46: 12-14, Abramova 1993. Fig. 57: 41, 42). The closest analogies for the shape of the bronze strap-end from Starokorsunskaja come from Middle Sarmatian burials of the left bank of Don (Iijukov-Vi.askin 1992. 230, Fig. 3: 3, Fig. 30: 14). So, the most probable date for the spoon-shaped strap-ends is the second half of the 1st - early-2nd cent. AD. They do not occur in later assemblages.

We do not know exact analogies for the two-piece iron strap-end encrusted with bronze.

V.Ju. Malashev believes that two-piece pending strap-ends of type N1 (to which our example belongs) obviously originate from strap-ends without clasps, which are analogous to the examples from barrow 19 of the Sladkovskij cemetery. According to him two-piece pending strap-ends appeared not earlier than the second half of the 2nd cent. AD and continued to be used in the first half of the 3rd cent. BC (Malashev 2000. 199, 200, Fig. 1, 2). He considers the two-piece iron strap-end from grave 77 of the Nizhnij Dzhulat cemetery as the earliest example. In our opinion, it is unlikely that the strap-end from Nizhnij Dzhulat belongs to the same type, because it has not got a clip as V.Ju. Malashev himself mentions. An iron strap-end with a similar system of fixing occurred from grave 49/1 of the second half of the 1st cent. AD in the Podkumskij cemetery (Abramova 1987. Fig. 45: 19).

The closest shape parallels of the Starokorsunskaja strap-end are the golden pending strapends from the grave of the second half of the 1st cent. AD found in Porogi (Simonenko-Lobaj 1991. Fig. 11:3,4). V.Ju. Malashev was right saying that metal carabiners evidently appeared synchronously with metal plates on buckles and then widely spread starting from the second half - late-2nd cent. (Malashev 2000. 209). But if the clasps on the strap-ends are synchronous with the buckles with plates, then the time of appearance of pending strap-ends with clasps cannot be limited only to the second half of the 2nd cent. AD, because the buckles with mobile plate appeared considerably earlier. Thus, in graves 13/2 and 14/2 of the Podkumskij cemetery, the buckles with mobile plate occurred together with plate and bow shaped fibulae and mirror-pendants with high conical umbo (Abramova 1987. 92, Fig. 21: 7, 9, Fig. 22: 15, 18, 25-27). Grave 14/2 was dated to the turn of the 1 st/2nd - early- 2nd cent. AD (Abramova 1987. 108). Later M.P. Abramova attributed these burials to the group of graves belonging to the lst-early-2nd cent. AD (Abramova 1993. Fig. 58: 16-20). Taking into consideration the chronology of the fibulae and buckles from the assemblages in question, they should be dated to the second half of the 1st - early-2nd cent. AD. In connection with this we may suppose that pending strap-ends with clasps could have appeared in the second half of the 1st - early-2nd cent. AD.

Frames of bronze buckles without plates (nos. 25, 34) were not cast-in-block, but made of round rod with ends flattened and fastened together by bronze rivets. Analogous buckles come from grave 1, barrow 64 of the “Carskij” cemetery, where plates with “vortex” rosette also have been found (Vlaskin 1990. 65, 68, Fig. 1: 2, 3, 7).

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