Istvánovits Eszter (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 55. (Nyíregyháza, 2013)
A 2010. október 11-14. között Nyíregyházán és Szatmárnémetiben megtartott Vándorló és letelepült barbárok a kárpáti régióban és a szomszédos területeken (I-V. század) Új leletek, új értelmezések című nemzetközi régészeti konferencia anyagai - Gheorghe Alexandru Niculescu: Az etnikaijelenségek régészeti kutatása és a társadalomtudományok
Maeotian plastic arts: nomadic influence or nomadic order? the very end of the 1st century BC on the left bank of the Don, while the rest on the right bank of the Don are dated to the mid-lst century AD (Shelov 1972, 174fif, Kameneckij 1993. 151, PI. 38). Archaeologists noted identical material culture at the settlements of the Kuban and Don regions; the latter ones were founded by the natives of the Kuban region (Kameneckij 1993. 6). Recently, I.S. Kameneckij (2000c. 229ff.) has republished his unworthily forgotten article where he identified the migrants with the Yazamathes, and connected the migration process itself with the increased political activity of the Bosporan Kingdom. It seems that, taking into account the above-mentioned features of the nomadic society, this phenomenon can have another explanation, especially, if we turn to the distant, but extremely informative Chinese written sources. Due to the character and duration of the contacts between China and nomads of Inner and Central Asia, Chinese sources reflected many aspects of the relationship between the agricultural states and the surrounding nomadic world. It is well known that slavery in its classical form was not instrumental in the nomadic societies. However, we have evidence according to which prisoners of war were engaged in workshops supplying nomadic population with necessary products. On the settlements specially built for the migrants by the nomads, the new settlers recreated their original social organisation and workshops (Kradin 2007c. 135, Kradin 2007b. 189). There is a recently formulated hypothesis that Sarmatians re-settled the craftsmen of the post-Zarubincy Culture further eastward, closer to the regions where the Sarmatians lived (Shchukin 1994. 236ff., Voronjatov-Jeremenko 2006. 91). The emergence of the two earliest settlements on the Lower Don region coincides with the arrival of the first “Alanic wave” to the Northeast Black Sea region. This wave is associated with the burials of the “Zubovskij-Vozdvizhenskaja” type (Raev-Jacenko 1993., Raev 2008.). These burials were made on the left bank of the Don, close to the settlements. The nomadic burials of the “Zubovskij-Vozdvizhenskaja” type are related not only to the Lower Laba region but also to the eastern Azov Sea area; only two graves were excavated in the steppe region of the Lower Don. 387 Fig. 7 Whetstones with chiseled tamgas 1: from the KonchukokhabP, 2: from the Kazanskij-1 settlement 7. kép Csiszolókövek bevésett tamgákkal 1: Koncsukohabl, 2: Kazanszkij-1
