Istvánovits Eszter (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 55. (Nyíregyháza, 2013)
A 2010. október 11-14. között Nyíregyházán és Szatmárnémetiben megtartott Vándorló és letelepült barbárok a kárpáti régióban és a szomszédos területeken (I-V. század) Új leletek, új értelmezések című nemzetközi régészeti konferencia anyagai - Gheorghe Alexandru Niculescu: Az etnikaijelenségek régészeti kutatása és a társadalomtudományok
Maeotian plastic arts: nomadic influence or nomadic order? Boris Raev The mechanism and dynamics of relationship between nomadic and sedentary population of the Barbarian periphery of the Classical world were not subject of a special research. For ancient authors, any events in Barbaricum that were not directly tied with the Classical world laid outside of their interests. However, the interaction between the sedentary and nomadic tribes beyond the frontier of the Classical world becomes apparent from the objects produced by the sedentary population, found in the nomadic graves. As a rule, the archaeologists recognise the existence of “exchange” between the sedentary and nomadic people by grave-goods. Pottery made on numerous settlements is frequent (Anfimov 1985. 82ff.), while manufacture of beads, glass or metal costume decorations and metal vessels on settlements is unknown; the latter objects were imported to the inhabitants of the steppe from the cities of the North Pontic or were received through the direct contacts of the nomads with the Classical world. The Kuban River region is the most suitable area for the creation of the theoretical model of the relationship between nomadic and sedentary populations, and for the defining these relationship in archaeological context. For eight centuries, from the 4th century BC to the 4th century AD farming population co-existed in the region with different nomadic tribes. The former had left numerous settlements along the banks of the large rivers - Kuban, Laba, Urup, Kirpili etc. (Kameneckij 2000a., Kameneckij 2000b. 74ff.), the latter had left numerous kurgans in the steppe built within immediate proximity to the settlements of the Maeotae. In the Middle Kuban and Lower Laba regions, ancient Maeotian settlements were located extremely closely; the distance between their “citadels” do not exceed several hundred meters. With reference to the top terraces of the right banks of these two rivers, it is possible to speak about the “habitation belt” that stretches for several tens of kilometres. Moreover, considerable part of kurgans was erected not only next to the ancient settlements, but sometimes directly in their cemeteries. In the steppe, there is a slightly larger number of kurgans which are located nearby the rivers, but the concentration of the kurgans around the Maeotian settlements is significantly higher. In archaeological literature, a group of kurgans located on the right bank of the Kuban received the name of “Golden Cemetery” (Gushchina-Zaseckaja 1994.). The study of the excavated kurgans at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries revealed, that the majority of the mounds were erected over the graves dated from the 1st century BC to the firsts centuries AD, i.e. they are contemporary with the settlements. The kurgan graves, as well as the graves in the cemeteries of the ancient settlements, have similar sets of grave-goods. They include locally manufactured pottery, weapons, horse harness and NyJAMÉ LV. 2013. 379-391. 379
