Istvánovits Eszter - Almássy Katalin (szerk.): A nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 52. (Nyíregyháza, 2010)
Régészet - Horváth Tünde: A szárazföldi szállítás kezdete és hatása a Boleráz/Baden kultúrák életében
A szárazföldi szállítás kezdete és hatása a Boleráz/Baden kultúrák életében kind of geographical situations. As wooden stave roads built between lakeshore settlements, and the Moravian hilltop settlements with wide rampart entrances indicate, Europe should not be seen as a roadless wilderness in this period. Although the fashioning of wheels and the construction of wagons probably required specialist knowledge and a special metal toolkit (the latter of which spread uniformly only at the time of the Corded Ware Culture in Central-Europe), this new invention expanded so fast throughout Old Europe, that it is impossible to model with the presently available archaeological and scientific dating methods (14C, dendrochronology, thermoluminescence). Important innovations like the wheel and the wagon are not accidents: a demand was created by the preceding revolution in animal husbandry and plant cultivation (Secondary Exploitation of Animals or Secondary Products Revolution after A. Sherratt). Among the other Central European societies of the period, the Boleráz/Baden cultures were in a central geographical position, and probably had a transmitter role (through trade, the “Badenisation process”). Along the foothills of the Alps (in Northern Italy, Switzerland, Eastern France, Southern Germany), in the Ljubljana marshes and at the Lake of Varna (Bulgaria) similar pile-dwellings or lakeshore settlements can be observed. The similar Boleráz/Baden settlement excavated at Balatonőszöd, on the southern shore of Lake Balaton is a new link in the chain of these Central European lakeshore settlements, and in the process of the spreading of the use of wagons. Translated by the author Tünde Horváth Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institut of Archaeology Budapest H-1250 Pf. 14. e-mail: valdemar@archeo.mta.hu 139
