A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 48. (Nyíregyháza, 2006)

Régészet - János Makkay: The Late Bronze Age hoard of Nadap

The Late Bronze Age hoard of Nadap 106-116. There are eleven socketed axeheads, ten complete and one fragmentary (No. 116). They fall into two basic types: decorated with ribbons and with flat (undecorated) body. 117-125. Nine winged axeheads. Four pieces are complete (Nos. 119, 121, and 123-124), two are decorated (Nos. 117-118). 126-153. Sickles (Plate XV-XVIII). There are knobbed (Nos. 126-131) and tanged variants (132-153). They are mostly complete. One piece was made for the left hand (No. 129). 154-165. Wood workers tools (Plate XIX). Saws are rarely found in Late Bronze Age hoards, because saws were not used by a metalsmith. This hoard contains 12 pieces, mainly parts of handles and partly simple blades, the latter have teeth. 166-184. Bronzesmith tools (Plate XIX-XX) In strong contrast to the other types of the hoard (which, in their greatest part, are fragmentary), the pieces belonging to this category are complete or they only show traces of prolonged use. This indicates that the hoard was the personal property of a bronzesmith who buried his belongings at the periphery of the village. The following pieces represent the tool-kit of a then contemporary metalsmith. 166. One anvil, this was heavily used, it has a convex and shiny upper face. 167. An implement of basically similar shape which probably served for bending bronze wires. 168-172. Hammers for embossing, hammering and flattening of bronze sheets. They were made from socketed axes and their lower end has evidence for intensive use. Two pieces (Nos. 171-172) are somewhat different from the other three. 173-181. Chisels or gravers (Nos. 173-174), and gouges (Nos. 175-176) for working wood. There is also a pointed implement which may have been a punch (No. 181). Four pieces are broken (Nos. 177-180). 182. Handled rule-scale or a rasp, both were important parts of the tool-kit of a metalsmith. 183-184. These two pieces seem to be part of tools of unknown use from a workshop. 185-189. Two scales (Plate XX). Four fine discs with convex upper surface made of thin bronze sheet and having one thin bent wire at both ends. These can be considered parts of two pairs of small scales. Three of the discs have symmetrically arranged perforations, while the edge of the fourth and unperforated piece (No. 188) is folded inside. 190-195. Razors (Plate XXI). Two complete and four broken, two handled (Nos. 194-195), and three ringed (Nos. 190-191 and 193). Three pieces have open work in the centre of the body. No. 191 has, among others, a good parallel from Northern Italy (JANKOVITS 1997. 2., Fig. 1:2.). 196-198. Mirrors (Plate XXI.). Four fragments of three mirrors, one surface of them is ridged, and the other is flat. There is a long knob in the centre of one, one other piece has a ring on its edge. 199-203. Belts (Plate XXII-XXIII). Three long belts and two fragments of two different belts (?). One is complete (No. 199), but it seems to be an unfinished work with traces of engraved circles to show the locations of intended bosses. There are four engraved fine lines on the 141