A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 46. (Nyíregyháza, 2004)

Régészet - Sanda Băcueţ-Crişan: Burial rites in the Neolithic in Northwest Romania

Burial rites in the Neolithic in Northwest Romania 2. a) Cäpleni I Kaplony-irrigation channel (Satu Mare county) b) Rescue excavation, 1986-1987, N. Ierco§an. c) Grave 1/1986. It had been found in a Middle Neolithic pit. The shape of the grave was unclear. The male skeleton oriented ENE-WSW, laid on his right side in a slightly contracted position. No grave goods were found. Grave 2/1987 - the shape of the grave was unclear. The dead oriented S-N was in contracted position on the left side with hands under the head, without grave goods. The grave was probably of the same age with the settlement belonging to late Pi§colt Group. d)lERCO§AN 1992/93, 9-22. 3. a) Oradeal Nagyvárad-Salca (Bihor county) b) Research of 1960, N. Chidio§an, M. Rusu. c) On the first level attributed to the Tisza-Herpály Culture, an inhumation grave was found with a contracted skeleton turned to the left. There were some pottery fragments under the skull, and a few small spherical beads on the breastbone. d) SAVA 1977, 16. 4. a) Pe§ti§ti I Sólyomkőpestes-Jurcoaiei Cave (Ale§d/Elesd, Bihor county) c) On the second level a grave of a 6-8 year old child was discovered. The E-W oriented dead was in a contracted position on the right side. Grave goods: a biconical pot, a half of a pot, bone pins and five small beads. d) SAVA 1977, 16. 5. a) Porf I Porc-Coräu (Sälaj county) b) Rescue excavations 2002, 2003, Zaläu County Museum. c) Grave 2 is a whole burial assemblage, which helps us to identify certain ritual patterns of the age. In grave 2 the pit was filled from its 3 m deep bottom to 2.3 m with rocks and soil, which was covered with a "carpet" of pottery. Over the pottery layer a well preserved male skeleton of an impressive length was found. The skeleton was covered with the fragments of a big pot. Over it there was a layer of a 20 cm thick black soil (the same soil which was found on the bottom of the pit). At the back of the skull, (at the 1.30-1.50 m level) two grinding stones and a pot were found, in which burned corn was identified. The N-S oriented dead was laid in a contracted position on the left side with hands on the face. The pottery is painted with bitumen on a yellow or gloss red ground and with a few ornaments similar to some of the rites identified at the Pi§colt Group of the middle or the late phase. Grave 1 was found at the side of the house L

1 - 1.10 m deep -, and appeared as a big yellowbrown spot, which, along with grave 2, divided the whole assemblage in two. Grave 1 was a very badly preserved inhumation grave, oriented E-W. The dead was in contracted position on the left side, with hands on the face. The grave was very rich in grave goods: seven pots were placed on the left side of the body. One of the pots was filled with clods of red ochre. Grave 3 was a cremation burial. The burned bones were placed into a small pit or a cell. No grave goods were found. d) MATEI ET AL. 2003,246-248; LAZAROVICI ET AL. 2003A, 305-309; LAZAROVICI ET AL. 2003B, 329-330.