A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 44. (Nyíregyháza, 2002)

Régészet - †Ivan Popovich: A multilevel settlement at village Baranincy/Baranya in the Transcarpathian Region

Ivan Popovich The presence of Felsőszőcs-Stanovo shapes together with Gáva pottery in the house (feature 25) belonging to the Chomonin Group makes it possible to determine the starting phase of the formation of the Gáva Culture in the Transcarpathian Region. Gáva Culture in its ready, developed form is represented by the features described above. Unfortunately, we did not succeed in finding constructions for dwelling on the investigated part of the settlement. However, we cannot exclude that some of the investigated pits belonged to the dwelling features. Determining the character of the Gáva horizon in the settlement at village Baranincy we have to assume that it belongs to the sites with a low thickness of cultural layer. Hungarian researchers divide the settlements of the Gáva Culture into two types. The first one includes settlements with a low thickness of the cultural layer, the second one - with intensive cultural remains (KEMENCZEI 1986. 118). The investigated territory on our settlement, however, does not make it possible to make definite conclusions. But the character of the excavated features (pear shaped pits), and the whole assemblage of the pottery material, including pseudoVillanova urns characteristic for the early phase of the Gáva-Holihrady ethno-cultural community, give us a basis for preliminary dating of the Gáva horizon of the settlement to the period HaAi-HaBi. Relatively many - 14 - features belong to the first half of the 1

st millennium A.D. Feature 3, square 3-7, 8 (fig. 2). Round pit with steep walls and even bottom. Diameter: 0.8 m, depth: 0.24 m. In the dark greyish fill side fragments of hand-made pottery and pieces of plastering were found. Feature 4, square }K-6 (fig. 2). Household pit. Only its eastern part was investigated, the western one continued under the wall of the square. The excavated part of the pit was irregular, oval, its axis was oriented north-east-south-west and was 1.2 m long. The eastern part had straight wall and reached the depth of 0.4 m. The pit was filled with grey humus with fragments of hand-made pottery of Roman Age, pieces of plastering and charcoal. Feature 6, square 9-1, 2, square }K-2 (fig. 2). An irregular, oval, 1x0.6 m large pit, oriented north-south. Its walls were gently sloping, the bottom was even, the utmost depth was 0.4 m. Close to the northern wall a 0.1 cm diameter, 0.12 m deep post-hole was found. In its middle the feature was cut by a drainage ditch. In the fill we found some side fragments of hand-made pottery, that, according to its technological features and clay, can be synchronised with the Late Roman Age horizon. Feature 10, square ,11,-1 (fig. 2). Oval pit. Only its southern part was investigated, the northern one continued under the wall of the square. The length of the excavated part was 0.9 m, its depth: 0.3 m. In the fill pieces of hand- and wheel-made pottery were collected. Among expressive fragments a bowl with a slightly inverted rim (pi. X: 4) and the bottom part of a pot (pi. X: 5) deserves an attention. Wheel-made material includes a terra sigillata fragment and a small side piece of a grey clay vessel (pi. XIII: 1, 3). Feature 12, square B-l (fig. 2). Round, 0.6 m diameter, 0.35 deep pit with steep walls and even bottom. Feature 14, square T-4, 5 (fig. 2). Round, 1 m diameter, 0.41 m deep pit with steep walls and even bottom. In the black fill hand- and wheel-made pottery was found (pi. XIII: 5-6). Feature 15, square B, square T-5 (fig. 2). Round, 0.4 m diameter, 0.35 m deep pit with steep walls and even bottom. Some small fragments of hand-made pottery were found in the fill. 66