A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 44. (Nyíregyháza, 2002)

Régészet - †Ivan Popovich: A multilevel settlement at village Baranincy/Baranya in the Transcarpathian Region

Ivan Popovich fragments found in the dwelling-pit belong to storage vessels (amphorae) with everted rim (pi. VII: 1). Sometimes the walls of the vessels are decorated by flutes (pi. VII: 7). The exterior surface is black, smoothed, the interior part is brownish pink. A significant group of the table pottery is made by bowls with inverted rim, the edge of which is decorated by braided ornament (pi. VII: 2-3, 5). Such pottery is rather frequently met in the Gáva-Holihrady ethno-cultural community. The same can be said about small vases with petal shaped edge of the rim (pi. V: 7). From chronological point of view, the pottery described above corresponds to the third horizon of settlement Magala in East Carpathians, Ret I in Transylvania, the lower horizon of Szomotor-hegy/Somotor in East Slovakia and Gáva assemblages of North-East Hungary (SMIRNOVA 1973. ris. 2, KEMENCZEI 1984. 64-70). The majority of the simple kitchen ware belongs to simple and tulip shaped pots decorated by small handle-knobs under the edge of the rim (pi. VI: 5). They are very widely spread in time and space and can be met on vast territories of Central and Eastern Europe. Such shapes were used both in the early and late phases of the Gáva-Holihrady ethno-cultural community. Summarising the results of the analysis of the pottery from feature 25, we have to assume that the majority of the finds have analogies in the second phase of the Felsőszőcs-Stanovo Culture, some pieces can be corresponded to the pottery of the Berkesz Culture spread in the territory of North-East Hungary. A significant number of the pottery can be attributed to the Gáva Culture. Such assemblages can be met on a well confinable territory, in the foothills of the Carpathians and in the valley of river Szamos. That is why researchers classified them as the final phase of the Felsőszőcs-Stanovo Culture that survives until the Gáva Culture (KEMENCZEI 1986. 93). Recently, as a result of the excavation of the cemetery in Chomonin/Csongor a special group of sites from the Late Bronze Age was separated after the comparison of the finds from Chomonin with the cemeteries of Nyírkarász and Gyulaháza corresponding to periods BC-BD by Reinecke, synchronous with the Lapus. II Group, Berkesz Culture and the late phase of the Piliny Culture (KOBAL' 1996. 204). To-date the research of the sites of the Chomonin Group is in its starting stage. Beside the dwelling-pit in Baranincy analysed above, the following settlements belong to this group: Oleshnik/Szőlősegres-Shtefkove Pole (PENIAK-POPOVICH-POTUSHNIAK 1978. 371-372), Bobove/Tiszabökény-Korela-domb, Chinadievo/Szentmiklós (PENIAK-POPOVICH-POTUSHNIAK 1981. 301). Unfortunately, the materials of these excavations are in storage-rooms and only partly published in the information volume cited above. According to J. Kobal' who separated the Chomonin Group of finds, chronologically it may correspond to the Opályi horizon of bronze hoards (KOBAL* 1996, 203-204). On the investigated part of the settlement the horizon of the Gáva Culture is represented by features 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13. Feature 1, square T-6, 7; square ^-6, 7; square E-6, 7 (fig. 5-6). An oval pit, diameter: 2.1 m. At the northern wall a 1.2x1.3 m pit of irregular shape was attached. The utmost depth of the central pit reached 0.8 m from the ancient surface. The walls were straight, the bottom was even. The depth of the attached pit is 0.65 m. At the south-western wall, on the bottom, a broken amphora of Gáva Culture was found. The northern part of the pit was covered by a Roman Age feature. Most of it, probably, fit into the size of the Gáva Culture pit and only the north-eastern part cut its wall. It was not possible to trace the western wall of the Roman 62