A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 44. (Nyíregyháza, 2002)

Régészet - Igor Gavritukhin: On the study of double-plate fibulas of the first subgroup

Igor Gavritukhin its features this piece is close to the fibula from Sumy (fig. 7: 17). Similar details of the headplate are also present on some polychrome fibulas from Szilágysomlyó/Simleul Silvaniei (KISS-BERNHARD-WALCHER 1999. Kat. 52-53, 56-57). These fibulas also have a ledge on the back side of the head-plate through which the core of the knob was passed similarly to the fibula from Kassa/Kosice (KISS-BERNHARD-WALCHER 1999. Kat. 50-51). Later, some fibulas from the Carpathian basin were to develop a method of fastening the axes of springs and knobs on special ledges or posts for springs on the perimeter of the back side of the head-plate (TEJRAL 1997. Abb. 21: 1-2, 23: 17-18, 27: 7, 17-18 etc.). Judging by the manufacturing technique used for the fibula from Pilismarót (fig. 14: 21, map 5: 21 + 1), it is related to the specimens from the northeast of the Carpathian Basin. Its decorative motives, while displaying originality, bring to mind above all the style of fibulas from the Northwest Pontic region (fig. 9: 1, 10: 30-31); the proportions and contours of the foot, combined with the rather long bow, indicate the same interconnectedness with the specimens from the forest-steppe part of the Dnieper region already noted for fibulas from the Upper Tisza region (fig. 7: 29, 1: 5, 7). The stylistic analogies, the context of the sites (Tiszadob, Tiszakarád, Pilismarót), and the assemblages (fig. 14: 19-20) allow us to date the fibulas with narrowed rhombic foot from the Carpathian Basin to the Hun Age. There remains the problem of their relation to Danubian fibulas of subgroup II, significant for horizon D2. Such specimens from Hungary obviously belong to one series characterized by: an advanced B-shaped post for the spring, or one designed for upper string with the double spring not having any relation to the pin (which functions with the help of a short spring for the lower string); a lateral post for springs of L-shaped section; sharply contoured bow; lengthened foot, having clearly visible ledges at the area of transition to the bow; cast plates (sometimes rather massive); etc. (fig. 15: 6)

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. It is obvious that these objects were made in accordance with traditions which have no direct connection to the North Carpathian fibulas mentioned above, or to any other series characteristic of the Tisza region; they have analogies and prototypes among the fibulas from the North Pontic region circle described above (fig. 10: 25, 11: 1, 5-6) and some close stylistic analogies among the finds from the Bosporus (WERNER 1961. N 98, 99, SALIN 1904. Abb. 16: 22, ZASETSKAIA 1993. 74-75, N 222). The same context is obvious for polychrome fibulas and for one of two plain Untersiebenbrunn fibulas (fig. 15: 4, 11-12). The second plain fibula (fig. 15: 9-10) is obviously close to the typical fibulas of Northeast Hungary, although its knob-shaped rivets again indicate the influence of North Pontic styles. Thus we can speak of at least two traditions of double-plate fibulas with narrow foot in the Middle Danube zone: the "northeastern" tradition, which reflects North Pontic influences, altered on the base of Tisza regional traditions with elements of Dnieper-Carpathian styles; and the "Pannonian" tradition, which directly developed into the series of fibulas of the In addition to the fibula from Tokod shown in fig. 15: 6 (Esztergom, BBM: N 63.91.5), the "Pannonian" series includes the following finds: Tiszaroff (MNM: N 59.3.1); Szekszárd, Bartina Street (recently brought to and kept in Wosinsky Mór Museum, Szekszárd); Ilok (Archaeological Museum, Zagreb N 920-921), (BRUNSMJD 1905. 31, VINSKI 1978. Taf. I—II, MRKOBRAD 1980. 27, GERMANEN V. 10), Sisak (Siscia) (SIMONI 1989. N 19, GERMANEN IV. 7) etc. The typological estimation of some fibulas from the Carpathian Basin of the Hun Age is not clear in the publications accessible to me (KUHN 1974. N 130, 131, 137, TEJRAL 1988. Abb. 7: 5-6, TEJRAL 1997. Abb. 21: 6, 12, 14, GERMANEN N V, 18.a, Abb. 13: 5, 18: 1-2, 5-6). 132