A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 41. - 1999 (Nyíregyháza, 1999)

Régészet - Mikhailo Potushniak: A multilevel settlement on Mala Hora at Mukachevo/Munkács–Kishegy

Mikhailo Potushniak following: diameter - 18-25 m, height - 1.5-2 m. One of them was investigated by T. Lehoczky in 1893. Under the barrow fragments of pottery and several obsidian blades had been found. A topographic map sketch of Mala Hora made by the Zatlukal brothers has been preserved. On this map barrows were placed at the southwestern part of the site. In the 1930s barrows have been investigated by J. Jankovich and the Zatlukal brothers, and in 1946 two barrows were excavated by A. Pastor. According to the oral information of the latter they proved to be cenotaphs. Judging from the situation of the barrows, the character of the finds of this kurgan group can be put to the East Slovakian Barrow Culture. The ethnocultural attribution of the barrows must have been supported by a vessel with cord ornament mentioned above. K. Berniakovich dated the barrow cemetery of Mala Hora to the Early Iron Age referring to the reports by J. Böhm and A. Pastor. According to T. Lehoczky the top of Mala Hora was fortified by mounds and ditches. Two rows of mounds with ditches were traced by him at the eastern part of the site and one row from the southern side of the site. Only the steep sides of the hill remained Reference BERNIAKOVICH 1952. K.B. Бернякович: Археологические исследования в Закарпатье в 1948-1949 гг. In: Научные записки Ужгородского Государственного Университета 6. Историко-филологическая серия. Ужгород 1952.37-56., табл. 1-Й. BERNIAKOVICH 1966. К.В. Бернякович: Енеолггичне поселения на Малш Topi бшя м. Мукачеве. [Энеолитическое поселение на Малой Горе близ г. Мукачево.] Apxeonozin 20.1966.163-170. BÖHM 1929. Böhm, J.: Sidliste na Male Hofe u Mukaceva. Manuscript (3.5 typed pages and a table of illustrations). Field report in the Prague Archaeological Archive 1929. KOREK 1977. József Korek: Die frühe und mittlere Phase des Neolithikums auf dem Theissrücken. AAH 29. 1977.3-52. KOREK 1983. Korek József: Adatok a Tiszahát neolitikumához. [Beiträge zum Neolithikum auf dem Theissrücken.] NyJAMÉ 18-20.1975-1977. (1983) 8-60. unfortified. The mounds were up to 18 m wide and 11.5 m high, the ditches were 8-10 wide and 6-8 m deep. According to T. Lehoczky the plateau surrounded by mounds and ditches occupied a territory of about 18 hectares. In his report J. Böhm wrote that during the detailed study of the top of the hill he did not find any traces of fortification, and it was only an illusion created by the natural, uneven relief of the landscape and the strong erosion of the soil - the consequence of deforestation preceding the T. Lehoczky'

s activities at Mala Hora. As far as we know, the last investigator of the site did not find any traces of a fortification either. However, it is noticeable that Hallstatt pottery of the 11-10th cent. B.C. was found at Mala Hora that can refer to the existence of a Hallstatt horizon here and possibly that of a Hallstatt fortified settlement. Traces of the fortifications could be observed in the time of Lehoczky, but after a time they were leveled. A similar situation can be observed at other Transcarpathian fortified settlements. The finds of Mediaeval pottery on Mala Hora refer to the existence of also a Mediaeval settlement level. Translated by Valéria Kulcsár LEHOCZKY 1892. Lehoczky Tivadar: Adatok hazánk archaeologiájához különös tekintettel Beregmegyére és környékére I. Kárpát Könyvnyomda és Kiadóüzlet, Munkács 1892. LEHOCZKY 1895. Lehoczky Tivadar: Ásatások a munkácsi Kishegyen. ^É 15.1895.315-317. LEHOCZKY 1896. Lehoczky Tivadar: Beregmegyei régiségek. AÉ 16.1896.304-310. LEHOCZKY 1910. Lehoczky Tivadar: Kőkorszaki leletek Beregmegyében.^30.1910.154-164. LEHOCZKY 1912. Lehoczky Tivadar: Adatok hazánk archaeologiájához különös tekintettel Beregmegyére és környékére II. Kárpát Könyvnyomda és Kiadóüzlet, Munkács 1912. PAVÚK1960. Juraj Pavúk: Zeliezovsky typ. [Die ZeliezovceTypus.] In: Slovensko v mladsej dobé kamennej. [Die Slowakei in der jüngeren Steinzeit.] Red. Anton Tocik. Vydavatel'srvo Slovenskej Akademie Vied, Bratislava 1960.43-56., 250-251. PELESHISHIN 1979. M. А. Пелешишин: Енеолггичне поселения 18