A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 41. - 1999 (Nyíregyháza, 1999)

Régészet - Ivan Popovich: Study of the Early Iron Age sites in the Transcarpathian region

Study of the Early Iron Age sites in the Transcarpathian region of plastering. In the process of the cleaning of the features we found 92 ceramic fragments belonging to one vessel. It had a pot shape with a straight, evenly cut rim under which 4 attached handle-knobs were situated on the opposite sides of the vessel (PL II. 1). The surface of the vessel smoothed by liquid clay is brown. In some places there are traces of smoothing by a grass bunch, at other spots the surface was broken and granules ofchamot and that ofsome well ground mineral appear on the walls. There are many analogical ceramic forms in the vast territories of the Carpathian basin. This is a characteristic form of the Gáva-Holihrady group of sites and can be frequently met on the territory of Eastern Slovakia (MIROSSAJOVÁ 1987. Tab. IV.

31), Eastern Carpathians (KRUSHEL'NIC'KA 1993.113, ris. 62.4) and at the fortified settlements of the Transcarpathian region (BALAHURI 1972.44, Tab. 11.46, III. 11,9). Researchers also point to the adding ofchamot and ground pebbles to the clay of the pottery of the Eastern Carpathians (KRUSHEL'NICKAIA 1979.306, SULIK-BANDRIVS'KI 1993.141). It is underlined that there are granules of Carpathian slate at the sites of the Luzice Culture in the northern part of the East Carpathians. Polish archaeologist M. Gedl drew attention to this detail in the case of pottery from the cemetery of the Luzice Culture in BachórzuChodorówce. In his opinion this mineral was used in the ceramics of the Tarnobrzeg group in the mountainous regions at the upper flow of San and in the Eastern Carpathians (GEDL 1994.23). The mountainous settlement at village Tyshiv can not be dated to an earlier period than HB

3 which corresponds to the starting date of the pre-Kushtanovica group of sites. A settlement also found in 1975 close to Uzhhorod also belongs to the pre-Kushtanovica type sites. It was discovered during the construction of a road. The settlement occupies the western slopes of the Radvanka/Radvánc Hill situated at the eastern suburb of the town (PENIAK-POPOVICH-POTUSHNIAK 1976.376). Here a 400 m

2 large territory of an archaeological site was investigated. The cultural layer was not intensive. It was found 0.5-0.6 m deep from the modern surface. At square II we succeeded in tracing the remains of an overground dwelling which was represented by plastering mixed with stones and pottery fragments (Fig. 1). Fig 1. Uzhhorod-Radvanka: ground plan of square II. 1: plastering, 2: pottery, 3: stone 1. kép Ungvár-Radvánc/Uzsgorod-Radvanka: a II. szelvény alaprajza. 1: tapasztás, 2: kerámia, 3: kő 139