A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 37-38. - 1995-1996 (Nyíregyháza, 1997)

Régészet - Ivan Popovich: Periodization and chronology of Kushtanovica type sites in the Transcarpathian region

Periodization and chronology of Kushtanovica type sites... Fig. 4 Nevickoie. View of the situation of the urns 4. kép Nevickoje/Nevicke. Az urnák elhelyezkedése Find from urn 7 and urn 9 have a principle significance in the dating of the site. On the basis of the accompanying finds, the first one belonged to a man while the second was that of a woman. Both these individuals must have held a special social positions during their lifetimes. Urn 7 is brown, the surface smoothed by liquid clay. It is pear shaped with a high cylindrical neck that widens in the direction of the lower part of the vessel (Pl. X.6). Together with the bones there was an iron knife in the urn. Its blade and back are almost parallel. The length of the blade is 8 cm. The blade of the knife was fit into the oval mouth of an iron socket with a small hole for suspension from the belt (Pl. X.7). A silver pendant with a conical head on a movable hook (Pl. X.9) and an amulet from animal tooth (Pl. X.8) should be noted. The urn was „sealed". The bowl that covered the urn has an inverted rim. There are knobs under the rim (Pl. X.4). Fig. 5 Nevickoie, electron earring 5. kép Nevickoje/Nevicke, elektron fülbevaló A basic find in the dating of the barrow is the silver pendant with a conical head. A similar pendant has been found in the famous burial from Tápiószentmárton together with an electron decoration for a shield depicting a deer. It has been dated to the end of the 6th - first half of the 5th centuries B.C. (FETTICH 1934.34.Tabl.VII.

2.). Similar types of pendants are known from the cemetery at Tápiószele (PÁRDUCZ 1966.60.) and from Transylvania (VASILIEV 1980. Pi.

27,27.). They were dated not later than the 5th century B.C. In Scythian territory, pendants with a conical head from precious metals appeared under Greek influence. Some pieces have been found in barrows of the region on the left bank of the Dnieper which date to the 5th century B.C. (ONAIKO 1966.32., IL'INSKAIA 1968.109.ris.

38.3,4.). M.Párducz has intelligently suggested that all the finds listed above have a common feature - the conical head so that the Central European finds, among them the one from Nevickoie, are only copies of „Scythian" pieces. In addition the Scythian finds themselves are Greek imports (ONAIKO 1966. 32.). Central European finds were made by local craftsmen from Carpathian precious metals. The form of the iron knife in its sheath does not contradict the suggested date. We find the closest analogies to these objects in barrow 20 at Kopodnoe II (SMIRNOVA-BERNIAKOVICH 1965.108-109.ris. IV. 12). G.I. Smirnova thinks that this may be the blade of a spear with its socket broken in two. Knives in sheaths have been encountered in a number of cases at such famous sites as Szentes-Vekerzug (PÁRDUCZ 1955.XI.3,4.,XII.12.), Chotin (DUSEK 1966.31-32.) etc. The earliest examples of these artifacts found with bronze sheaths employing open-work decoration were used in parallel with bits of the Vekerzug type (PÁRDUCZ 1955.21.). In addition, bits of this type were found in our barrow as well (Pi. XII.

4), placed together with the piled calcinated bones. The finds from the second, apparently female, central burial in urn 9 support the suggested dating. Remains of a cremation were placed within a small biconicai vessel with a very well proportioned body (Pl. X.ll). The urn was „sealed" by a small lenticular bowl with an oval base and a hole in its centre (Pi. X.15). Among the other finds there was an electron Fig. 6 Nevickoie, silver pendant 6. kép Nevickoje/Nevicke, ezüstcsüngő earring (Pl. X.10) with its ends bending toward each other. It was made of silver wire with a square crosssection rounding at the ends and covered by a thin layer of gold. Its head has been lost. The diameter of the earring is 1.5 cm. It should be placed within the A Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 1997 85