A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 36. - 1994 (Nyíregyháza, 1995)

Eszter Bánffy: Transdanubia and Eastern Hungary in the Early Copper Age

Eszter BÁNFFY 100km Fig. 2 Middle Copper Age cultures in the Carpathian basin 2. kép Középső rézkori kultúrák a Kárpát-medencében Lasinja settlement of Zalaszentbalázs-Pusztatető. To briefly sum up the conclusions that can be drawn from the evidence discussed, it can be seen that both Eastern Hungary and practically the whole of Middle Europe with Lengyel antecedents, saw the process of Chalcolithisation as a series of gradual changes rather than having cultural gaps caused by migration. Thus, the answer to the second problem seems to be that Transdanubia was probably no exception to the neighbouring regions. I see the existing differences between our BalatonLasinja and the Ludanice culture only in proportion. South-West Transdanubia received the most of the south-eastern effects caused by Salcufa III and postVinca groups. As a secondary area in the Ludanice culture in the surroundings of Budapest, such elements are present, but are less concentrated (VIRÁG 1992.26-27.). Finally, the centre of the Ludanice culture, lying further to the north-west, is also an antecedent of Late Lengyel traditions, but the above mentioned southern cultural influence barely reached it (LICHARDUS-VLADÁR 1964.). A detailed analysis of the possible roots of this southern diffusion to the northern areas as Bavaria at the period of the late Münchshöfen-Wallerfing group, or the same as the subalpine region of Carantania/Kärnten is essential, but it certainly exceeds the frames of this short paper. As mentioned above, our whole Copper Age chronology needs a basic revision, as its beginning must probably be put to the 5th millennium (PETRASCH 1984., PARZINGER 1991.387-388.). In order to put each - now known - link into its new and more correct place, the clarification of relative chronology, and that of the contacts of a larger territory is inevitable. 294 Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 1994