A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 36. - 1994 (Nyíregyháza, 1995)

István Vörös: Animal husbandry and hunting in the Middle Neolithic settlement at Tiszavasvári-Deákhalmi dűlő (Upper Tisza region)

Animal husbandry and hunting in the Middle Neolithic ... species also „Bos sp." 5 pieces and „Sus sp." 12 pieces appears. The species of remains defined only for genus do not influence the frequency of occurrence, proportion of domestic and wild animals because of their small number (Table 7). 2. Mikulov - feleni luka (South Moravia, Czech Republic) - LPC (KRATOCHVIL 1973- Table 1). Only about the half of the animal bones collected during the rescue excavation, 48.2% (565 pieces) were identified. The incomplete evaluation probably does not influence the composition of species, but basically influences the frequencies of occurrence (Table 7). 3. Győr-Pápai vám - TLPC, Zseliz Group (BÖKÖNYI 1959.51.). The bone material was selected and separated (Table 7). Animal remains from the Late Bronze Age and Medieval times were not published. 4. Ncszmély-Tekeres patak - TLPC, Zseliz Group (BOKONYI 1974.386.). The bone material was selected and separated (Table 7). 5. PomáZ'Zdravlyák- TLPC, Zseliz Group (BÖKÖNYI 1959.52.) The bone material was selected and separated (Table 7). 6. Tiszavasvári-Deákhalmi dűlő - ALPC, Tiszadob group. 7. Tiszavasvári-Keresztfal- ALPC, Tiszadob group (BÖKÖNYI 1974.417.). The bone material was selected and separated (Table 7). 8. Tiszavasvári-Köztemető- ALPC, Tiszadob Group (VÖRÖS 1989. Table 2). The bone material was selected and separated (Table 7). The relatively small number of bone material found during the rescue excavation is not the result of the incomplete gathering, but the consequence of small surfaces (little possibilities for sample gathering) (Table 7). 9. Tiszavasvári-Hajnalos - ALPC (VÖRÖS 1989. Table 1) (Table 7). 10. Dévaványa-Simasziget - transitional ALPC Early Tisza Culture (BÖKÖNYI 1974.358.). The bone material was selected and separated (Table 7). 11. LebőA - transitional ALPC - Early Tisza Culture (BOKONYI 1957). The bone material was selected and separated (Table 7). Under the grave 3 of layer 4 a skeleton of a dog laying on its left side, oriented S-N was found (TROGMAYER 1957.21., Fig.2). In the fauna list of Lebő A only 19 pieces of dog remains appear (Table 7.). 12. Battonya-Gödrösök - transitional ALPC - Early Tisza Culture (BOKONYI 1984.119-150.). Only an unknown part of the collected bone material was identified and published. S. Bökönyi, who identified the bone material, noticed that „as a result of the thorough collection of the bones the number of the unidentifiable fragments was very high" (BÖKÖNYI 1984.119.), but he did not give their number (Table 7). 13. Gomolava (1973, Serbia) - Vinca Culture (CLASON 1979. Tabl.2-3). Only 37.2 % (2615 pieces) of the animal bones found at the excavations of 1973 were identified from the point of view of species as well. The rest of the bones, 4427 pieces were classified „by size", for example: „Sus/Cervus 17 pieces", „Capra/Ovis/Sus/Capreolus 74 pieces", Bos/Cervus/ Sus/Equus 4269 pieces". The precise definition of species of the surprisingly large number of 4286 pieces of „Bos/Cervus/Sus/Equus" is not known. Even if we knew it is likely that the number of pieces of bones published by species would change the proportion of occurrence of the two domestic animals (cattle, pig) and the three wild animals (aurochs, roe-deer, wild boar) on a small scale, but their frequency would increase by orders of magnitude. In the case of the exceptionally rare wild horse the change can not be significant (Table 7). 14. Öcsöd-Kováshalom - transitional ALPC - Early Tisza Culture (BOKONYI 1985. Fig.l, Table 8). 15. Battonya-Parázs-tanya - transitional ALPC - Early Tisza Culture. The identified animal bone material of the settlement has not been published yet. To-date, two different controversial frequencies of species were published: among the domestic animals the frequency of domestic animals first is cattle - pig - small ruminants (BÖKÖNYI 1984. 123.) and then at the graphic figure: pig - cattle - small ruminants (BÖKÖNYI 1985. Fig.l). We can suggest that the authentic version was the data of the year 1984 (Table 8). 16. Tiszasziget-Agyagbánya - Early Vinca (BÖKÖNYI 1990. Abb.l, Table 8). 17. Divostin //(Serbia) - Vinca (BOKONYI 1988., Table 8). 18. Vinca-Bjelo Brdo - Vinca (BOKONYI 1990. Abb.l). In spite of the different quantity and composition of settlement fauna (animal bone assemblages) from different geographical regions, but almost of the same age (Table 7-8) it seems that the similarities and differences in the occurrence proportions of domestic animals to wild animals and between the three domesticates were determined by the local geographical situation of the settlements and the stage of the development of the animal husbandry in food producing. 8.1. Proportion of domestic animals to wild animals (Table 7-8) l6 sites. The proportion of domestic animals - wild animals shows the efficiency of meat producing (processing). The proportion of occurrence of domestic animals at the settlements of the Czech and Moravian LPC and at the ALPC settlements of the Middle Tisza region is 94 - 98 %. These proportions at the TLPC Zseliz group settlements are 86.6 - 88.7 %; at the settlements of transitional ALPC - Tisza Culture are 63 - 78 %; and 64 - 85 % at the Vinca settlements. It is remarkable that even in the earliest phase of Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve 1994 179