Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 17/C. - Társadalomtudományi tanulmányok (2006)

Winkler Ferenc: Az európai szabadtéri néprajzi gyűjtemények megvalósításának módszere - Realizing Methods Of European Open Air Museums

22 Realizing Methods Of European Open Air Museums FERENC WINKLER On behalf of the collection territory of an open air museum we classified hereover about national, regional and local collections, museums. There are only a few local ones, while the regional category render a lot of professional contradictions. Exceptions are different technical or cultural historical collections (like Golesti, Radom, Hagen) but they represent open air museums only in case of fulfilling certain conditions. On behalf of the construction philosophy and practice of them European open air museums can be devided in two large groups, like: 1. traditional buildings preserved on the original construction area and place, 2. totally resettled and rebuilded ones. The first group members cover monumental, the second ones rather museological orientation and duties, but we got acquainted to several mixtures. Citated have been museum examples like Stavanger, Stord or Torun (Polska) in hoping, they may offer alternative ways especially for other European regions. Cultural reserves we have excluded form the professional group of open air museums as well, as those archeological ones, too, last group on behalf of the unclosed professional debates generally about reconstruction. On the other hand, reconstruction will have a naturally rising role in everyday maintenance of the museums. Nowadays valid ICOM declaration about open air museums is outworn because it prefers even the preservation on the original place nevertheless to replacing/reconstructing buildings. A rapid modernization of it is necessary. On behlaf of the presentation's attitudes we classified park and open air museums. The changing processe in constructing open museums we intended to introduce by the century long example of Lillehammer,, on behalf of a German example we demonstrated the importance and necessity of a potential national network(ing) of open air museums, followed after clear scientific and public strategies. We hope, that the idea of G. H. Riviere about „ecomusée" will be a possibility eg. an alternative way, especially for Mediterranian regions in Europe to setup new open air museums. The problem, how to make open air museums alive, or even more popular, we mentioned, that already the original way of Artur Hazelius the right one had been, only applied up-to-date and traditional methods must have been found alternatively in the different museums. A new trend in open air museums is, that buildings of the citizens appear even in traditional open airs, like in Skansen, Bokrijk, Nowy Sacz. The same meets the appearance of manor houses and buildings, although a lot of competent Hungarian experts doesn't agree to this. The open air museums of Europe show a multiple variegation reflecting to the cultural historical heritage of us, to represent by their basic duty. Towards the future of this museum's type it is quite reassuring for all of us.