Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 14. (2000)

Csográdiné Balogh Éva: A Ságvári késői felsőpaleolit lelőhely és környékéről előkerült leletanyag ismertetése

A SÁGVÁRI KÉSŐI FELSŐPALEOLIT LELŐHELY ÉS KÖRNYÉKÉRŐL ELŐKERÜLT LELETANYAG ISMERTETÉSE 27 A survey of the finds came to light from the Late Upper Paleolithic Ságvár site and its neighbourhood. CSONGRÁDINÉ DR. BALOGH ÉVA Between 1928 and 1959 several excavations were made at the top of the Lyukasdomb /Lyukas Hill/, to the SW of the village Ságvár, where at the Late Upper Paleolithic site two culture layers were found. This paper contains the description of both the finds of these culture layers and of those sporadic finds which were found in the neighbourhood of the site during the last few years. Major part of the finds is in the Paleolithic Collection of the Hungarian National Museum while a few tools and flakes can be found in the Hungarian Geological Institute, in the Somogy County Museum at Kaposvár and in the Budapest Historical Museum /Budapest Történeti Múzeum/, the last mentioned ones as the bequest of the Gábori pair. A detailed survey of the finds of the Ságvár site can be reasoned by both the site's prominent and distinguished role in Hungarian Paleolithic studies and by the fact that the typological any statistical investigations made on the lithic finds and a report on the results of these studies will be published in the near future at several places.

1 Statistical data of summarizing studies comprising find assemblages from different excavations derive from finds came to light from the upper culture layer and finds can be connected with it as for the upper culture layer while as for the lower culture layer data are based on the finds originate from the layer denoted definitely as the second, lower one. Those finds which cannot be connected to layers were useless for statistical evaluations therefore they are omitted. Present paper contains the survey of the excavation finds which form a ground for evaluations to be published in the near future. If it was impossible to find a certain lithic tool it is mentioned according to its definition in the inventory. These too, however, except a few pieces, were omitted from the statistical evaluations. Talons and bulbs on blades are not mentioned particularly, that is they are always present on blades when their absence is not mentioned. It is only retouch which is denoted on blades. Typological and statistical analysis of the tool assemblage After a thorough survey of the whole material of the excavations made at Ságvár (between 1928 and 1957) I examined altogether 431 tools, several thousands of flakes and waste. Including broken blades as well relatively few, that is 453 blades could I determine beside several hundreds blade-like flakes. According to this survey 251 tools belong to the upper culture layer and 180 ones belong to the lower culture layer. In the material originated from the excavations of 193032, 1935-37, 1941 and 1957-59 after a theoretical separation of pieces by the two culture layers I was able to determine the following types. (Fig. 1) An analysis of the lithic industry of the lowe and upper culture layers The archeological material of the two culture layers at the Late Upper Paleolithic site Ságvár is diversified, its rather small quantity and the scarce settlement features, however, refer to a settlement there for only a short time. The lithic industry of both culture layers can be characterized by a technology based on the use of local pebble raw material and on the presence of similar tool types. At the same time the typological distribution and ratio of tool types within the assemblages of the two culture layers differ from each other. While in the lower culture layer scrapers and burins appear almost in the same quantity, in the upper culture layer the quantity of scrapers is more than a doubled quantity of burins. Backed blades are present in the lower culture layer in a considerably higher ratio than in the upper one. Consequently we may suppose that the inhabitants of the lower culture layer had a more intensive hunting activity and also a butchering - meat processing activity than the inhabitants of the upper culture layer. On the basis of the presence of the many scrapers in the upper culture layer, there, besides a specialized hunting for reindeer and horse, hide processing, as a more sedentary activity, had a greater role. The industry of the upper culture layer can be characterized by the large number of end-scrapers, flake scrapers, core-scrapers, of the burins, belonging mostly to the dièdre type and by the considerable quantity of backed microblades. Besides them, though in a small quantity, appear also the characteristic „pièces esquillées" and microgravette blades. 1 The first comprehensive typological analysis of the site was the object of a thesis: Csongrádiné Balogh, É. 1984; For a Memorial Volume in honour of the Gábori pair, Miklós Gábori and Vera Gábori-Csánk, to be published most probably outside of Hungary, a short survey of the site was made: Csongrádiné Balogh, É. 1997; A comprehensive publication of the site is in progress in Folia Arch. In the paper to be published besides the general survey of the site there will be typological and statistical analysis based on the 92 item typological list of French Upper Paleolithic as well as a cultural evaluation based on these analyses: Csongrádiné Balogh É. 1999 a; A short survey of rather culture historical character will be published soon on the site in the monography of the village Ságvár.: Csongrádiné Balogh, É. 1999 b.