Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 9. (1992)

Henkey Gyula: Segesdi magyarok etnikai embertani vizsgálata

94 HENKEY GYULA GYULA HENKEY: ETHNICAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HUNGARIANS AT SEGESD Resume I made analysis in 1986 at Segesd, a village in the Southern part of Transdanubia, 35 km from Kaposvár in the Western direction. The survival of the population of Segesd during Turkish occupation is verified by Turkish defters. The basic data of Segesd population aged between 24-60 can be found in charts 1, 2. Besides their large-sized head, the significant features of Segesd population are brachy-hyperbrachycephalia, europorosopia with wide, medium high face, protruding cheek bones, steep forehead, medium projecting bridge of the nose, slightly rounded nape and brown or black coloured (P-Y) hair. The profile of the bridge of the nose is mostly convex shaped, but the occurence of straight nose is also quite significant. The dark colour of eyes (9, 11-16) is absolutely predominant in case of women and relatively predominant in case of men. The dimorphism of sexes appears mostly in the average height of the body: tall for men, tall-medium for women. The data of six villages of Transdanubia can be found in charts 3, 4, of which 5 has native population and one, Cece was repopulated in early 18th Century. The results of the Hiernaux-calculations show that Segesd inhabitants are close to the five autochton hungarian populations whereas the inhabitants of Cece are quite different due to their settler origin. The average sigma ratio of men living in Segesd is 94,15 and that of the 3 indexes is 82,61. There are mainly three types of the inhabitants of Segesd, these are: Turanid (48,8%), Pamirian (17,6%) and Dinarian (11,2%). The lowland-variety is the most frequent among Turanids (pictures 48). The mixed varieties having wider and not very high faces also with protruding cheek-bones are significantly more frequent (15-16, 22-23) than the ones defined as Pamiroid (pictures 18, 19) and Dinaroid (pictures 20, 21). On picture 23 I demonstrate a type, defined by myself in Jászság, which is close to the Eastern Dinaroid variety. They were described as a Caucasian variety by Natishvili and Abdushelishvili. Both at Segesd and in case of all other autochon populations of Transdanubia the common occurence of Turanid and Pamirian types referring to Middle Asian peoples as well as the Trans-Caspian variety of Eastern-Mediterranean type is very significant. The Anterior Asian type and the Eastern Dinaroid variety refer to Caucasian connections. Out of the characteristics that are frequent in case of the population of Segesd and Transdanubia in general, the lowlandand strongly Andronovo-like varieties of the Turanid types occure among Bulgarian Tartars, Northern and Southern Kazaks, Northern Uzbeks, Caucasian Osets and Tadjiks most frequently. The transitional forms of Turanid and Pamirian type can be indentified among Southern Uzbeks, Bulgarian Tartars, Osets and Tadjiks. In case of the latter ones the significant form of Pamirian type can often be noticed too. In case of Turks the Trans-Caspian variety and its form which is mixed with Turanid can be defined. Three quarters of Transdanubia was under Osmanian-Turkish occupation, so I considered important to take Enginalev's data on four Turkish villages into account as well (Homo 14, 1963). The majority of peoples speaking Southern Slavic languages was living under Turkish occupation earlier than Hungarians, so the anthropological influence of Osman-Turks was more significant on Hungarians than on Southern Slavic peoples (Henkey: Cumania 10, 1987). Though Enginalev did not recognize types of Middle-Asian origin, and underestimated Anterior/Asian type, the taxonomical revaluation was possible according to the data, the photographs and the description of the type: 1. The classical Dinarian type cannot be noticed in case of any samples on the pictures, and only one Dinaroid can be seen in the European territories (Edirne, picture 7). The description given on the AnadolidDinarid form can mostly be indentified with the mixed forms of Pamirian and Anterior Asian type. The 169 cm height of the body is also more typical of these two types. 2. The Alpian type is contradictory even in its description. The occurence of round shaped face typical of this type is 32,6% and that of the concave bridge of the nose is only 15,2%. 3. Those defined as Atlanto-Mediterranean types can be indentified with the Trans-Caspian EasternMediterranean variety, which often occures among Turkomans; these can strongly be seen on pictures Burza 3 and 7. 4. Enginalev mentiones the frequent occurance of wide jaws and angular face which he considères the influence of the Cromagnoid type. He does not take the fact into consideration that the majority of these characteristics are connected to dark coloured hair, brachycephalia, often protruding cheek-bones and sometimes Mongoloid eyes as well. Though he mentions these last two characteristics but the does not connected them to mostly Europid and less Mongoloid varieties of the Turanid type. Enginalev takes a wrong assumption as a starting point according to which ancient Turks had Mongolid characteristics. However the Turanid type on the Middle-Asian steppes was determined by the Andronovo-substratum snowing Europid characteristics until the end of 11th Century; the Mongoloid characteristics were secondary and could slightly be disclosed (Ismagulov 1970). The data and especially the photographs of Enginalev were impor-