Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 9. (1992)

Honti Szilvia: Későbronz-kori kincslelet Nagyberki-Cseh-rétről

KESOBRONZ-KORI KINCSLELET NAGYBERKI-CSEH-RETROL 47 SZILVIA HONTI: LATE BRONZE-AGE TREASURE FIND FROM NAGYBERKI-CSEH-FIELD Resume A find was brought to Rippl-Rónai museum which was discovered during an earthwork in 1980. The finding which consisted of bronze bracelets, decoration plates and a golden wire was supplemented with another bracelet and spiral wires during checking excavation; the objects were not hidden very deeply in the ground. The find was discovered near the early Iron Age graves at Nagyberki-Szalacska which was a marshland before. The find consits of unharmed objects, except for the golden wires which were not brought to the museum in their original condition. The find includes jewels and decorating elements of clothes, such as the butterfly wing shaped decorating plates. Some objects occured in pairs: 2-2 decorating sheets, 2 cast hollow bracelets and 2 round shaped bracelets with thinnig ends were found. The butterfly wing shaped decorating sheets (fig. 1, 1-4) were included in finds from the first half of HA age. These are: 5 in South-Eastern Transdanubia, 2 in Drava-Sava territory. We know about a fragmentary piece on a place in the Northern direction from that territory. We can find two basically different types of hollow bracelets concerning their technical elaboration. The rounded ended plate-bracelet was formed by hammering; (fig. 1, 11.) its material is also quite different from the other objects (see Appendix), we can call them arsenic-bronze. The.pieces having identical shape can be found in 6 finds in Southern Transdanubia and 7 finds in the river valley territories of North-Croatia. We know about, only one find from Eastern Hungary. There are only a few cast-hollow bracelets with rounded end that we know about, and their shape is not homogeneous as well. Only the two pieces from Kurd (Wosinszky 1896, pi. CXI, 1-2, Mozsolics 1985, pi. 25, 1.) can be compared to the pieces found at Nagyberki (fig. 1, 7-8), but these four pieces are absolutely identical in their decorations, technical make-out, and we can assume, that they were manufactured in the same workshop. The different types of round and oval shaped bracelets with narrowing ends occure in the depot-finds of Eastern Hungary in great number, especially in the older horizon Ópályi. Nevertheless the Kurd-type finds in Transdanubia and Northern Croatia are also frequent. The gently engraved cross and slanting decorating lines (fig. 1, 6,12) which cover almost the whole surface of the bracelet and its variety combined with pine branch engraving (fig. 1, 9) are typical of these finds. The golden wire of the find from Nagyberki (fig. 1, 10) was rolled up before being brought into the Museum. It is straight and elaborated on one part: a triple circle was bent of the hammered wire by winding it around twice. According to the original bends which can additionally be noticed it might have been a bracelet made of „infinite" wire. The bronze spiral wires are finds which cannot be connected to certain age or culture. The equivalents of the bronze pieces of the find discovered in the Nagyberki-Cseh-field can be found in the depot-finds dated to the first half of HA age, i. e. in the Kurd-horizon. We could point out that certain types of the finds mentioned above such as the butterfly wing shaped decorating plates, the hammered and cast varieties of the hollow bracelets were manufactured in workshops of Southern Hungary, Northern Croatia and Drava-Sava territory. On this territory the first half of HA age is the golden age of the era of Urnfield culture. These pieces are recent proofs of workshops of older Urnfields ethnic groups living here, manufacturing own types of objects as well. The find discovered in the Nagyberki-Cseh-field contains unharmed pieces in contrast with Kurd-type depots which can be determined as „storage-finds". These might be costumes, properties and set of jewels of one person. It was not a depot-find, similar to the find from Zalaszentmihály-Pötréte (Müller 1972 71-72).