Fiatal középkoros régészek IV. konferenciája. Tanulmánykötet (Kaposvár, 2013)
K. Németh András - Takács Melinda: A középkori Lápafő és temploma
80 K. NÉMETH ANDRÁS -TAKÁCS MELINDA Medieval Lápafő and its church ANDRÁS K. NÉMETH - MELINDA TAKÁCS Church of Lápafő - called Vápafő in the Middle Ages - situated at the western edge of Tolna County was mentioned by a Medieval written source in 1430. The settlement appears in charters starting from 1348, and from the early 15th century we also know local members of minor nobility. The village had been mentioned in Ottoman defters until the end of the 16th century. From 1618 Calvinist priest of the village had been also referred to. Re-settlement of the place following the expulsion of the Turks started in the 1710s. The Medieval church must have been taken apart without traits in the 18th century. Its remains disturbed several times during grave digging are situated in the present day Calvinist cemetery of the village. We researched its free parts in 2012 with test trenches between modern burials and at the western part of the cemetery with two relatively large sectors. In the first, Romanesque period a church with a semicircular apse was built. The fundament of its chancel was made of stone and bricks, unlike the nave's foundation made out of alternating stone and rammed clay layers. In the Late Medieval times an 8 m wide annex was added to the church from western direction. Straight and short piers were added at the corners, so the whole length of the building reached about 18.8 m. At the small fragments of the Medieval fresco found inside the chancel we observed traits of repeated whitewashing showing that Calvinists also used this church. During the construction works of the western annex some earlier graves belonging to the cemetery of the Árpá- dian Age church were disturbed.The surroundings of the building were used as a cemetery even after the devastation of the church. Modern Age burials cut the western wall of the annex and the foundation of the chancel. The Medieval village was situated at the wide hill bordered by the Rigói and the Várongi Ditches. We found its surface traits around the cemetery. In southern direction the remains of the Medieval settlement continue under the modern village. The pottery material of the settlement does not differ from the old villages from the vicinity of Lápafő, but there are some pieces among the metal objects - lozenge and star shaped buckles, a spur, fragment of a scale (?) that probably could belong to the local nobles referred to in written records starting from the 15th century. Irodalom Források AO =Anjoukori okmánytár. V. Szerk.: Nagy Imre, Budapest, 1878-1891. DAP = Documenta Artis Paulinorum. A magyar rendtartomány kolostorai. 3. füzet. T-Zs. Az MTA Művészettörténeti Kutató Csoportjának forráskiadványai 14. Gyűjtötte: Gyéressy Béla, Budapest, 1978. DL = Magyar Országos Levéltár, Diplomatikai levéltár EKF = Az első katonai felmérés: a Magyar Királyság teljes területe 965 nagyfelbontású színes térképszelvényen, 1782-1785. DVD-ROM. Közreműködött: Jankó Annamária - Oross András, Budapest, 2004. MonVat = Monumenta Vaticana históriám regni Hungáriáé illustrantia. I/1. Budapest, 1885. MNL = Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár ZsO = Zsigmondkori oklevéltár. 11/2. Összeállította: Mályusz Elemér, Budapest, 1958. Bakay K. 2011.: Somogyvár - Szent Egyed-monostor. A somogyvári bencés apátság és védműveinek régészeti feltárása, 1972-2009. Budapest Bajcsa-vár 2002.: Weitschawar - Bajcsa-vár. Egy stájer erődítmény Magyarországon a 16. század második felében. Szerk.: Kovács Gyöngyi, Zalaegerszeg Borsa 1.1997.: A Somogyi Konvent oklevelei az Országos Levéltárban (Forrásközlés, harmadik közlemény). Somogy megye múltjából 28.11-43. Brüsztle J. 1878.: Recensio universi eléri dioecesis Quinque-Ecclesiensis. III. Quinque-Ecclesiis Engel P. 2001.: Magyarország a középkor végén. Digitális térkép és adatbázis a középkori Magyar Királyság településeiről. CD-ROM. Budapest Feld I. -Gerelyes 1.1985.: Késő középkori leletegyüttes az ozorai várkastélyból. Communicationes Archaeologiae Hungáriáé 163-184. Gaál A. - Kőhegyi M. 1977.: Tolna megye Pesty Frigyes Helynévtárában. III. Balogh Adóm Múzeum Évkönyve 6-7. (1975-76) 279-360.
